The key to solving the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" is to promote the income increase of peasants, which will not increase incomes of peasants and affect the improvement of peasants' living standards and affect the grain production and the supply of agricultural products. It will not only restrict the development of rural economy but also restrict the growth of the national economy, But also the realization of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
In recent years, the domino effect of rural economic and social development triggered by the slowdown in peasants' income growth has become a fundamental contradiction and problem concerning the overall economic and social development.To this end, we conducted a survey jointly with Huazhong Agricultural University and concluded that the preliminary conclusion is: The contribution rate of agricultural mechanization to agricultural output reached 26%, while the level of agricultural mechanization increased by 1 percentage point. The per capita net income of farmers increased by 270.27 yuan. Agricultural mechanization is an important technical measure to increase farmers' income.
Agricultural machinery is one of the means by which peasants can increase their income
In 2015, the per capita disposable income of peasants in Hubei province reached 11,844 yuan, which was mainly composed of four parts: wage income, family business income, transfer income and property income.
Among them, the wage income of 3683 yuan, accounting for 31.1% of the total income of farmers; household operating income of 5281 yuan, accounting for 44.6% of total income of farmers; property income of 161 yuan, accounting for 1.4% of total farmer income; The income was 2719 yuan, accounting for 22.9% of the total income of peasants.Per capita disposable income of peasants in Hubei Province increased by 3.1 times from 2004 to 2015. Among them, the wage income increased by 3.88 times, the family business income increased by 1.57 times, and the transferability Income increased by 39.6 times and property income increased by 9.06 times.On the other hand, the operating income of peasant families grew slowly and its share of total peasant income also declined, dropping from 71% in 2004 to 44.6% in 2015.
Farmers 'family business income is the main source of income for peasants. To ensure that peasants' income growth does not reverse, they need to improve their efficiency in many aspects. They need to rely on the extensive application of modern scientific and technological means such as agricultural machinery in agricultural production. From water saving, Medicine, energy conservation start, reduce production costs, improve agricultural management efficiency and total factor productivity, increase peasant income.
Agricultural mechanization increased by 1% per capita income of farmers 270.27 yuan
The factors influencing the income of peasants are many and the survey team chose the factors of agricultural machinery in modern agricultural production conditions to analyze its contribution to the increase of peasants income.Through the use of genetic algorithm to analyze Hubei Statistical Yearbook from 2004 to 2015 and Hubei Agricultural Mechanization The annual report data shows that the annual average contribution rate of agricultural mechanization to agricultural output has reached 26%. By establishing a regression model between the level of agricultural mechanization in Hubei Province and per capita net income of farmers from 2004 to 2015, it shows that the per capita net income of farmers and agricultural mechanization There was a significant positive correlation between the levels and the level of agricultural mechanization increased by 1 percentage point per capita net income of farmers increased 270.27 yuan.If the level of agricultural mechanization in Hubei increased 1 percentage point each year, the province will increase 40 million peasants over 10.8 billion yuan.
Agricultural mechanization can reduce the cost of agricultural production, improve crop yields, transfer peasants' employment, boost the development of scale operations and enhance the quality of agricultural products, which can help farmers to increase their incomes.
Survey shows that the implementation of mechanized production of crops, can greatly reduce production costs, and increase production in many areas, the rate of increase is generally between 1% ~ 15% of rice planting and harvesting two links to achieve mechanized production of mu per acre Cost savings of 110 yuan, rapeseed machine sowing compared with artificial increase 19.7 kg per mu, deep-loosed wheat can increase 9% per acre at the same time, the development of agricultural mechanization to replace the manpower machinery to fill the rural 'hollow' belt To worry about and solve the problem of 'who will plant land in rural areas', which provides the possibility of moderate scale operation of land and creates conditions for more rural laborers to transfer to other industries. In addition, , But also effectively reduce the use of fertilizers, pesticides and water resources and promote the development of agricultural green.Mechanical drying can effectively improve the grain quality, post-production can effectively extend the agricultural industry chain, increase the added value of agricultural products.
Problems and Suggestions on the Development of Agricultural Mechanization
As of 2016, the mechanized farming income of main crops in Hubei Province reached 67.4%, generally entering the intermediate stage of development. However, the development of crops among different agricultural mechanization regions and between different sectors is very uneven, especially the total land area of the province In 70% of the hilly and mountainous areas, the level of agricultural mechanization is only about 40%, and the effective supply of agricultural machinery and equipment, technologies, policies, talents and services that are adapted to the region is seriously insufficient, and agricultural mechanization further promotes difficulties. Affect the efficiency of agricultural output and farmers income.
Statistics show that the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Hubei Province in 2016 was 29,386 yuan, an increase of 8.6%, and the per capita disposable income of farmers was 12,725 yuan, an increase of 7.4%. Peasants' per capita disposable income both in terms of growth rate and absolute value Slower or less than that of urban residents, indicating that the income gap between urban and rural residents is widening, and the kinetic energy supporting peasants 'incomes is in decline, which needs our great attention. Agricultural mechanization, as the representative of advanced rural productive forces, plays an important role in promoting farmers' sustained income increase In the new era, it is imperative to vigorously develop agricultural mechanization in order to promote continued income growth of peasants.
The development of agricultural mechanization should focus on structural adjustment of agricultural industry, structural adjustment to promote farmers' income.For the direction of agricultural restructuring and field crop mechanized production of short board, crop, sub-regional, to create a full mechanized demonstration model, efforts to improve economic crops and Mechanization of production of featured agricultural products will coordinate the promotion of mechanization of grain, animal husbandry, animal husbandry and fishery, animal husbandry and fishery, and provide a solid mechanized support for the structural adjustment of agricultural industry.
The development of agricultural mechanization should focus on the implementation of the policy of benefiting the farmer and benefiting the peasants by policy support, adhering to the guideline of green ecology, regulating and implementing the policy of purchasing allowances for agricultural machinery, adjusting and optimizing the structure and layout of the agricultural machinery and equipment, and actively leading out and eliminating the 'tractor' , Heavily polluting old machinery to promote agricultural energy-saving emission reduction and safety production; the same time, in-depth implementation of farm machinery subsoiling, straw work subsidies to enhance the ground force, farmers benefit.
The development of agricultural mechanization should center on the promotion of efficient and economical technologies and promote the increase of farmers' income with scientific and technological support. The implementation of key agricultural machinery equipment and technological scientific and technological research to speed up the research and development of facilities and facilities suitable for hilly and mountainous areas, facilities agriculture and livestock aquaculture will enhance independent research and development of agricultural machinery core components Ability; accelerate the transformation and application of agricultural science and technology achievements, reverse the existence of different degrees of "inorganic availability, good use of organic, difficult to use organic" predicament; agro-agricultural agro-aggrandizement agricultural integration, good farmland good varieties of good law coordination and support agriculture to enhance the whole process Mechanized system to solve the problem.
The development of agricultural mechanization should center on the cultivation of new-type agricultural operators and promote the increase of peasants' income through service sharing. We will speed up the cultivation of a number of key cooperatives for agricultural machinery to enhance the capacity of agricultural disaster relief and emergency support; guide large grain growers, agricultural machinery dealers, agricultural enterprises, Funds, technology, machinery and other factors of production to form cooperatives and carry out market-oriented and specialized services such as collection and substitution of substitute surrogates, field custody, prevention and control over prevention and control, and drying and storage so that farmers can better share the achievements in the development of agricultural mechanization.
The development of agricultural mechanization should revolve around the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the countryside, boosting farmers' income through all-round development, broadening the service areas of agricultural machinery, extending the service chain, and improving the supporting capacity of agricultural mechanization for the development of agriculture-related industries; Processing and other green ecological agricultural technology for the construction of livable and livable rural areas contribute to agricultural machinery strength; strengthen agricultural mechanization vocational education and technical training, to create a professional team to understand agricultural machinery, love agriculture, love the rural areas, agricultural machinery practitioners become a civilized civilization Practitioners and rural leaders who get rich; strengthen agricultural public service and social service system, improve the degree of organization of agricultural machinery industry, rural areas to provide effective management of agricultural practices.