As the global trend of energy conservation and carbon reduction continues to spread, the awareness of Tuli Petrochemical Energy Electricity and the use of renewable energy continues to rise, and the introduction of solar photovoltaic and wind power generation and the development of distributed power sources are also gradually unfolding .This trend has contributed to the global energy diversification The direction of the development of the complex, but also because of the rapid growth of variable power supply and the stability of the power environment is facing challenges.
To make the increasingly complex power system maintain the stable supply in the past and at the same time to achieve the effect of power cleanliness and effective management as an important means, the use of storage system control is one of the ways to solve the problem quickly. Put forward the relevant policies as a storage power, and manufacturers continue to layout the market, we can see all walks of life in the decentralized energy situation, clever management approach to solve.
Electricity storage equipment plays an important role in power system
Since electricity can not be stored, if the electricity produced by renewable energy is quite variable, the proper power dispatching by means of power storage equipment is a commonly used method by power companies in recent years. At present, in addition to energy storage in large hydropower storage facilities such as reservoirs, In addition, the most common type of battery energy storage or chemical processing.
The use of electrical storage devices in power system functions is up to twenty in the definition of DOE (Table 1). It can be seen that the technology and products have received considerable attention from the energy or power sectors. Even for the United States and other early import grids Advanced countries, it is an important means of power grid modernization.
The function of common storage applications can be summarized into the following categories:
The first category: the temporary storage of electricity, the release of electricity when needed to reduce the electricity demand from power companies is the most widely known practice, which is commonly used in residential and commercial buildings linked to grids and renewable energy, In addition to reducing bills on electricity bills, the effect of peak load shifting in electricity demand can also be achieved, which has considerable market potential in areas where the wholesale cost of renewable energy is lower than the average tariff or in regions with significant time charges .
The second category: the use of power storage equipment to form a regional (such as large buildings, small areas, limited areas, etc.) microgrid, and to achieve mutual support for power within the region, scheduling functions, further development of the virtual power plant (Virtual Power Plant) Concept.
Category 3: In the grid-less area, small independent power grids or power supply systems can be formed by renewable energy, diesel power generation and energy storage equipment, which are common practices in outlying islands or rural areas.
Category 4: Large-scale energy storage systems near wind farms and large-scale solar power plants stabilize the electricity of these fluctuating power sources, which is like a large uninterruptible power system that stabilizes electricity that is easily affected by weather. Europe and the United States have more cases, but also gradually commercialized.
Category 5: Because of the periodical nature of renewable energy power output, the power grid load can be fine-tuned by the thermal power plant. However, when the thermal power plant can not react rapidly in a short period of time, it can be collocated with the energy storage system Sexual Power Regulation. There are several demonstrations in Japan for this application verification.
The most important applications are concentrated on residential energy storage and grid regulation. The former shows steady growth under the continuous increase of the permeability of renewable energy used by households, while the latter However, due to the eagerness of the power companies to maintain the quality of their power grids, infrastructure projects are being conducted. Therefore, despite the rapid growth in demand, all countries and regions need policy support to have a sustainable market.
Figure 1 Global Internet of Things semiconductor sales scale and growth rate
National power grids require different government guidance storage according to local conditions
With the expansion of the complexity of the power system, the operation of the power grid has also gradually shifted from centralized power supply modes of sending, transporting, distributing and using electricity that have been hierarchically oriented to a more decentralized, highly variable and intelligently regulated power supply State development. Storage equipment products in this transformation, but also occupy an important position.
However, all countries have different requirements on the power storage equipment during the establishment of the power system, the state of readiness, and even the infiltration of renewable energy. However, although countries are aware of the use of power storage equipment, the policy guidance The direction is also adapted to local conditions (Table 2).
In Japan, for example, the government subsidizes demonstration projects on "virtual power plants" using storage systems and attracts many ISB projects to secure the optimal combination of creation, storage and energy saving (Table 3). The concept of a virtual power plant lies in that a wide range of renewable energy and storage facilities in a certain area (such as a residential area), reuse of sensors, and collocation of computing systems can also be modestly implemented in addition to achieving the most effective utilization of electric power in the area External power grid for the trading of virtual power equipment.Japanese government is expected in the next five years to establish more than 50MW virtual power plant.
Figure 2 Japan Kansai Electric Power Company to develop the concept of virtual power plant
Depot take the lead in integrating solar / electric vehicles / storage
In response to the new initiatives of the governments of various countries, many industry players in different fields have successively cut into the fixed-type electricity storage market in recent years. The depot is one of the representatives.
In April 2015, Tesla introduced its home electricity storage system PowerWall, which can be used in conjunction with its own electric car, but more attractive than household power regulation to control electricity bills. Tesla uses the advantages of its electric car market , Its bright appearance and the combination of solar energy system, but also lead the other car manufacturers, energy storage system industry in the product development on the new wave.
Following Tesla, the German Daimler Group also introduced Mercedes-Benz household storage equipment with the assistance of a local power storage system. In 2016, Nissan Nissan combined with power solutions company Eaton to release its storage products using LEAF electric vehicle decommissioning batteries xStorage ; BMW is the use of battery modules BMWi electric vehicles, used in power grid-level storage equipment. These depots due to the electric car business more or less into the secondary battery production and development, in addition to driving the battery capacity, but also catch the local The government's policy needs for a combination of renewable energies, in turn, demonstrate the energy of a home-based energy system.
In the case of BMW, the group has signed a lithium battery system contract with Swedish power company Vattenfall, which is powered by a BMW i3 universal battery management system and battery modules from the Dingolfing plant in BMW for Vattenfall in the Netherlands and The wind power plant built in the United Kingdom (Figure 3) This approach can be said that BMW is recognized in all walks of life on the demand for storage equipment, the layout of the future elimination of battery recycling business model to seize the future potential market.
Figure 3 was built in the Netherlands Pricess Alexia wind farm using BMW-i3 battery storage system
And Tesla's solution to the development of microgrids in the United States in the light of Tesla's solar photovoltaic system for electric vehicles, storage and SolarCity has also drawn the attention of Vivint Solar, another solar photovoltaic system provider, for the solar photovoltaic roof development at Tesla Its market share is the number one in the nation, but erosion of profits as its business model continues to gain new entrants, necessitating the company's joint efforts with Tesla to create a new energy system linked to new entrants to differentiate new entrants ; Vivint Solar is the United States after SolarCity rooftops solar developers, in 2017 with the German Mercedes Benz Energy in the power supply system on the supply settings to cooperate, coupled with Mercedes Benz in the field of electric vehicles to expand development strategy , But also with the Tesla-SolarCity form a bitter situation.Therefore, the United States for the rapid change in the type of energy use, but also makes the layout of manufacturers more diversified and integrated (Table 3).
Appropriate business model can effectively expand the market
The price of electricity storage products is still high, thus making the above-mentioned cost of advanced applications more expensive. Without appropriate sales methods, it is difficult to promote such products in the short term.
Taking Japanese energy storage company One Energy as an example, the company, which uses the ORIX as a leasing company and combines NEC's storage system products with a ten-year lease to recycle it after ten years of use, can reduce consumers' financial burden The acceptance increased, so the company's products quickly seize the market, becoming Japan's largest energy storage system brands.
One Energy further integrates big data technologies to analyze customers' electricity usage records and make use of these resources to form a self-sufficient residential power supply system in the future to further enhance the value of the power storage system (Figure 4).
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As a result, the demand for electricity storage systems, although exposed to the dawn of commercialization due to the rapid expansion of renewable energy sources, still requires further integration of other resources (such as electric vehicles) and proper business models in order to have further growth potential in line with local power policies. Solutions to local conditions, will be an important issue related to industry.
Storage equipment development challenges are still many
The use of electrical storage devices in power systems is quite diverse. They are used in homes, buildings, communities and even industrial zones for the purpose of renewable energy or energy saving and sustainable living.
Under the policy support, renewable energy expansion too fast, making the power grid security is facing considerable challenges, the use of small and medium-sized storage system to regulate the stability of the power system is the largest demand in addition, Japan and the United States in the near future to develop The quantitative reaction and the concept of a virtual power plant cell-based energy systems, storage systems become one of the scheduling tools, but also makes the storage system can be cut into the market more diverse.
First, the price is still too high: the current solar photovoltaic led renewable energy equipment prices have fallen sharply, the future will expand the demand for electricity storage, but also relatively highlight its high price.How technology in the technology On the practical application of more economical solutions, it will be an important issue of the storage system itself.
Second, the grid or renewable energy policy conflict: Due to the previous renewable energy subsidies to the majority of fixed-rate wholesale purchase policy, if the storage of electricity into its policy, there will be repeated subsidies and other preventive measures, or even more costly Of the cost of the current policy on the use of electricity to save more than non-policy issues, but the use of renewable energy, the need to find ways to solve the legal aspects.
Thirdly, we must adapt our national conditions to develop suitable business models and access roads. Different countries have different power environments and markets, and developing trans-national renewable energy has become a big challenge. The use of power storage will be a more complicated issue. We must understand that residents Electricity consumption and consumption habits, and the operation mechanism of the electricity market to create a suitable local business model, but also a major issue of the proliferation of energy storage equipment.
Storage Power Industry In recent years, governments and manufacturers in the exploration, the rules of operation of the industry is gradually forming, of course, will face the above challenges, if we can overcome and seize the opportunity to expand rapidly in order to enable the trend of electricity storage business opportunities to emerge Industry a place.