Compared to the heart, liver, spleen and kidney and other organs, people have little understanding of the pancreas, it is like a hermit, living in the upper left abdomen of the human body.If it works, we eat fat, protein and carbohydrates can get very good If the pancreas strikes, not only does it affect the body's absorption of nutrients, it can also have dire, terrible consequences.
Where is the pancreas? The pancreas 'seclusion' behind the peritoneum has its head in the recess formed by the duodenal curvature.The main part, the main part of the pancreas, is located just behind the stomach and the pancreas extends to the spleen It is about 14-18 cm long, weighing 65-75 grams of pancreas has two important functions, one for exocrine function, two for endocrine function.
Function: Exocrine and endocrine
Exocrine gland is a type of ductal glands, the secretions do not enter the blood flow out of the catheter .Extractorial pancreas can produce pancreatic juice, the pancreatic duct into the duodenum.
Pancreatic secretion of pancreatic juice, containing alkaline bicarbonate and digestive enzymes. Bicarbonate can neutralize the acidic food into the duodenum, so that the small intestine mucosa from acid corrosion for the digestive enzymes in the small intestine Activities to provide the most suitable PH environment.A variety of digestive enzymes, including pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin, known as the 'power of life' is a biocatalyst can accelerate digestion food arrives in the intestine, Digestive enzymes digest food in the digestive tract, so that a variety of nutrients into very small nutrients, can be absorbed and utilized by the body, to provide essential energy for metabolism.
Endocrine glands are secreted glands, which secrete substances - hormones - directly into the surrounding blood vessels and lymphatics, which deliver hormones to the body. The islets in the pancreas secrete insulin, glucagon, etc. , The former to promote tissue uptake, storage and utilization of glucose, and promote the synthesis of fat and nucleic acid and protein synthesis and storage; the latter promote the decomposition of hepatic glycogen, lipolysis and inhibit protein synthesis, this substance and insulin antagonism, play an increasing The role of blood sugar.
When the pancreatic endocrine disorders, such as insulin deficiency, then into the cells within the glucose reduction, hepatic glycogen decomposition will increase, leading to the release of liver into the blood glucose, blood sugar levels, causing diabetes, the performance of more Food, polyuria, dry skin, hunger, blurred vision and tiredness and other symptoms.
Acute pancreatitis is very dangerous
In patients with acute pancreatitis, 20% to 30% of patients clinically very dangerous, the overall case fatality rate of 5% to 10% of its causes are more complicated, generally the following situations.
1. Biliary disease: gallstone movement down the process, may block the common bile duct ends, bile can 'common channel' back into the pancreatic duct, pancreatic tissue may cause necrosis, resulting in acute pancreatitis.
2. Hyperlipidemia, commonly known as hyperlipidemia: the incidence of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis is on the rise, when triglycerides ≥ 11.30 milliliters / liter, prone to acute pancreatitis; when triglyceride<5.6毫尔/升, 发生急性胰腺炎的危险性减少.
Drinking alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption has gradually become one of the main risk factors of acute pancreatitis in our country.Alcohol can directly damage the pancreas, but also indirectly stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juice, causing duodenal papillary edema and oddis sphincter spasm, resulting in pancreatic duct Increased pressure, small pancreatic duct rupture, pancreatic juice into the pancreatic tissue space, this time trypsin is collagenase activated into trypsin, the pancreas 'self-digestion', and the occurrence of acute pancreatitis.
4. Duodenal reflux: when the duodenal pressure increases, duodenal fluid reflux to the pancreatic duct, which enterokinase and other substances can activate the pancreatic juice in a variety of enzymes and protein decomposition of phospholipase A, Leading to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis.
5. Other: trauma, pancreatic blood circulation disorders, diet, infections, drugs, high blood calcium and other factors.
Acute pancreatitis symptoms include: abdominal pain, located in the abdomen, often to the back of radiation, mostly acute attack, was persistent; bloating, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting; fever, chills, jaundice, etc. The above symptoms or suspected acute pancreatitis , You must seek medical attention immediately to avoid missing the best treatment opportunity.
Chronic pancreatitis is a variety of causes of pancreatic parenchyma and pancreatic duct irreversible chronic inflammation manifested as recurrent upper abdominal pain, accompanied by varying degrees of pancreatic exocrine function decreased or disappeared. Cause of the disease, alcoholism, smoking Still the main factor.
Pancreatic cancer at high risk
The global incidence of pancreatic cancer increased year by year, ranking eighth in all tumors, and more than 40 years of age, men more common than women .90% of patients died within one year of diagnosis, 5-year survival rate of only 1% -3%.
Patients at risk for pancreatic cancer include: older than 40 years old, with upper abdominal discomfort; family history of pancreatic cancer; sudden diabetes, especially atypical diabetes, over the age of 60, lack of family history, no obesity, rapid insulin formation Resistance .40% of patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed with diabetes mellitus; patients with chronic pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis is currently considered a small part of patients is an important precancerous lesions, especially chronic familial pancreatitis and chronic calcified pancreas Inflammation; benign lesion distal gastrectomy, especially after more than 20 years of population; long-term smoking, heavy drinking, and long-term exposure to harmful chemicals (naphthylamine and benzene compounds were) and so on.
Early symptoms of pancreatic cancer are not obvious, including: indigestion, nausea, jaundice, steatorrhea (note: that is, poor absorption of the small intestine, too much fat excreted), pain and depression, and unexplained weight loss, etc. 80% -90% of patients present with weight loss and malabsorption at diagnosis, early detection and appropriate treatment such as pancreatin replacement therapy can reduce malnutrition and mortality.
Stay away from bad habits
For the general population, the protection of the pancreas, the most important thing is to control the amount of alcohol consumption, but also to quit smoking; reduce high-fat diet and overeating due to high fat, high protein diet will stimulate the gastrointestinal tract to release a variety of hormones and increase the pancreatic carcinogens ; Vigilance high salinity smoked, pickled foods; more exercise; do not stay up late; beware of the side effects of some drugs, such as diuretics, estrogen, corticosteroids, tetracycline and so on.
Detected pancreatic disease, in addition to actively carry out regular treatment, but also self-conditioning, such as smoking and drinking; avoid high-fat diet; adequate amount of fat-soluble vitamins and trace elements; malnutrition may give nutritional support; such as pancreatic endocrine insufficiency , In the treatment of drugs (metformin, insulin) at the same time pay attention to monitoring blood sugar, to avoid hypoglycemic attacks; such as pancreatic exocrine insufficiency symptoms, need to add exogenous pancreatic enzyme preparation.
