The overall situation of the global hydraulic industry
Hydraulic products are an important part of the modern transmission and control system. The report has been researched and compiled by senior experts in the industry for a long time, and has made the latest research and comprehensive analysis on the current hydraulic parts market in our country. Hydraulic products are the modern transmission and control system Which has a direct impact on the performance and development of mechanical and electrical products and national defense products, which have attracted the attention of all countries in the world.In recent years, due to technological innovation, extensive use of electronic technology, computer technology, information and automatic control technology, as well as new technology, new Materials and so on, to add vitality to the hydraulic transmission technology, energy saving and environmental protection, such as improving efficiency, reducing noise, preventing leakage and mechanical and electrical integration (Hybrid) has made considerable progress, thus consolidating the traditional market and expanding its Application areas.
From the market size, in 1998, the total global hydraulic market total sales of 16.4 billion euros in 2014 the global hydraulic market total sales of 26.4 billion euros, an average annual growth rate of 3.1% in 2015 global hydraulic sales totaled 29.213 billion euros , By the impact of the euro exchange rate and caliber, the global hydraulic sales of 28.2 billion euros is expected in the next 2 to 3 years will maintain about 2% market growth.
China's hydraulic industry market size
China's hydraulic parts industry started in the 1950s, initially mainly used in the grinding machine, broaching machine and other machine tool industry, and then gradually extended to the construction machinery, agricultural machinery and other walking machinery field. After 50 years of hard work, has formed a A complete range of categories, a considerable production strength and technical level, beginning to take the economic scale of the industrial system has now basically meet the construction machinery, agricultural machinery, machine tools, metallurgy, mining, forestry, coal, shipbuilding, light industry, textiles, weapons, Aerospace and other industries.With the rapid spread of hydraulic transmission technology in China's industrial equipment, the gradual improvement of the hydraulic industry technology, as well as the continuous development of specialized production mode, the downstream host company gradually stripped the original hydraulic factory This specialized division of labor greatly accelerated the scale of China's hydraulic industry development process into the 21st century, China's hydraulic industry has a certain number of manufacturing enterprises a total of more than 1,000, of which about more than 100 major enterprises in the domestic market for hydraulic components As well as the substantial increase in demand for components and parts, the total output value of hydraulic system also rose from 26.9 billion yuan in 2009 With a compound annual growth rate of 10.88% by 2015. The total output value of hydraulic and hydraulic industries in 2016 was 52.3 billion yuan, of which the hydraulic industry was about 51.0 billion yuan, up 2.46% from the same period of last year and the expected future 2-3 years Will also maintain about 2% growth rate.
From Figure 1 we can clearly see that the hydraulic industry has entered a relatively stable stage of maturity, the industry growth rate remained at a stable level in 2010. The high growth in the market mainly from the national 4 trillion economic stimulus package investment, the industry blowout.
According to the statistics of the association and the customs import and export, the hydraulic industry of our country kept deficit for many years. With the gradual increase of the strength of the hydraulic industry, the hydraulic components and parts and components basically achieved self-sufficiency. In the field of high-end hydraulic parts, the dependence on overseas products gradually Lower, China's hydraulic industrial imports continued to decline, the hydraulic industry exports continued to rise, by 2015 the hydraulic industrial trade deficit from 2.922 billion US dollars in 2011 down to 940 million US dollars.
According to industry practice, China's hydraulic market sales increased from 35.086 billion yuan in 2008 to 55.9 billion yuan in 2015, a compound annual growth rate of 6.50% .By the rapid economic growth in China, the hydraulic parts industry in the period 2006-2011 In 2006, China's hydraulic products sales in the domestic market surpassed Italy, ranking the fourth in the world after the United States, Germany and Japan; surpassing Japan in 2007 and third place in the United States and Germany; In 2009, China's hydraulic products sales in the domestic market surpassed the United States, ranking first in the world.In 2010, China's hydraulic parts industry sales increased by as much as 34.81%, since then by the domestic economic growth As a result of the slowdown, sales in the industry dropped by 22.45% in 2013. Overall, sales in the industry remained stable after 2013. Figure 2 shows that overall industry demand remained stable with the rapid growth in previous years.
Hydraulic components will be high performance, high quality, high reliability, the direction of the system development; to low energy consumption, low noise, vibration, no leakage and pollution control, the application of water-based media to adapt to environmental requirements in the direction of development; industry will strive to develop high Integrated, high power density, intelligent, mechatronics and light and small, miniature hydraulic components; actively adopt new technology, new materials and electronics, sensing and other high and new technology. Throughout the industry development, intelligent, energy saving, green, reliable Sex is the main trend of technological development in the future industry.
Intelligent
The future development trend of machinery and equipment first of all, to improve safety and reduce labor intensity, so it is inevitable that the operating system is easy to operate and man-machine interface friendly, or even to achieve automation unmanned; followed by the requirements of improving the precision and dynamic performance of the machine, requiring exercise and Power control system to improve the accuracy of the machine; To improve product reliability and long service life, reduce maintenance time, reduce staff costs, require the system with status monitoring, fault diagnosis and intelligent maintenance capabilities of the hydraulic components industry must pass Improve their intelligence to meet the requirements of the host equipment.Hydraulic components product life cycle of intelligent technology is the future to meet the needs of machinery and equipment an important technological development needs.
Energy saving
Low carbon, energy saving, emission reduction and environmental friendliness are the strategic requirements for the sustainable development of the hydraulics industry. In the future, structural optimization and active control methods will be used to improve the efficiency of components and systems, reduce the vibration, noise and transmission media leakage of components and systems, The electronic control replaces the traditional mechanical and pilot control modes in variable components, and the functions are determined by the software program to enhance the global optimization and matching ability of the system.
green
Hydraulic components and components in the manufacturing process of process pollution, vibration and noise products, material loss, media leaks and other issues have been the hydraulic industry is facing an important challenge in the future need to apply green manufacturing technology to product design, technology, manufacturing , Use and recycling of the whole life cycle process through structural optimization techniques and active control principles to reduce component and system vibration and noise.Industry will gradually eliminate the environmental hazards of surface treatment and manufacturing process, the use of environmentally friendly manufacturing process and Equipment, such as net forming, cutting optimization, dry cutting, etc., to improve resource and energy utilization during manufacturing, conversion of raw materials, reduce the generation of polluting waste and pollutants and the emission of toxic substances in the manufacturing process of products; Promote the application of environment-friendly medium, develop new materials that reduce friction, reduce component usage loss and environment-friendly materials and improve material utilization rate; develop new type of sealing materials through the development of pipeline connection technology, optimize the sealing structure and finishing process, Improve product sealing performance, reduce media leakage Pollution; fluid medium developed recycling and reuse process, the development of specific elements dismantling, recovery, and re-production line manufacturing process, improve performance evaluation mode remanufacturing element, and to improve the recyclability of products remanufacturing level.
reliability
Long-term existence of our hydraulic products, poor reliability, low life expectancy, a direct impact on the industry as a whole reputation.Many 整机 manufacturers long-term use of domestic hydraulic brands, end-users are opposed to the use of a long period of time leading to long-term hydraulic products in China Rely on imports.Therefore, the reliability problem is the most important problem restricting the development of the industry.The reliability of the hydraulic industry started late, and most of the reference to the reliability of the mechanical industry, electronic reliability and other related fields of research, failed to consider their own multi-field Coupling, non-linearity and complex vibration, lack of real-time reliability and fault prediction, and lack of a unified standard of reliability research.Therefore, how to establish an effective and comprehensive reliability research will be important for the future development of the industry Technical and scientific issues.
Hydraulic market competition
International competition pattern
The international hydraulic industry has obvious market concentration characteristics, with the top 6 ~ 7 major players accounting for 80% ~ 85% market share in the international hydraulic market (Source: "Hydraulic Pneumatic and Seal", PTC Special Issue, 2010.) Currently, The major hydraulic producers are Bosch Rexroth, SAUER-DANFOSS, KAWASAKI, LindeHydraulics, Parker Hannifin, Parker Hannifen, Eaton-Vickers, Yuken, KYB, HAWEHYDRAULIK, ATOS (ATOS) ) In the international hydraulic market in a monopoly.In the international market, usually hydraulic companies in the assembly and after-sales market will jointly develop the market, oligopolistic monopolies in foreign markets significantly, the customer loyalty and recognition of the brand higher, So usually well-known big brands, in the secondary market also has a relatively high market share.
China's hydraulic market competition pattern
China's hydraulic market sales in 2009 has been ranked first in the world, although the late because of economic cyclical and infrastructure down to affect the return to second place, but the overall hydraulic industry's technical strength and level has been greatly improved, the main This is reflected in the outstanding progress made in supporting major technological equipment. A large number of innovative hydraulic products have entered the national major technical equipment field, and remarkable achievements have been made in technological innovation.
China's local hydraulics enterprises are characterized by a large number of enterprises, small scale and low overall competitiveness, and formed a four-legged state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, joint ventures and sole proprietorships in the industry structure, of which most of the original state-owned enterprises have implemented the system reform , The share in the industry is getting smaller and smaller; the momentum of development of private-owned enterprises is strong and has occupied more than 50% of the market in the industry; a large number of overseas enterprises enter the market to set up joint ventures or sole-proprietorship enterprises in the domestic market to seize high-end hydraulic markets.With the increase of wholly foreign-owned enterprises, The proportion of joint ventures is declining.
According to the statistics of Liquid Airtight Association, there are over 1,000 hydraulic enterprises in China at present, among which there are over 300 enterprises above designated size and more than 100 major enterprises. The top 4 enterprises in the industry occupy only about 10% of the market, with low industry concentration, The vast majority of enterprises with small production capacity, with high-end products and high technological capabilities of small enterprises, restricting the overall hydraulic industry in China to enhance the level of technology can not meet the rapidly growing domestic market demand.
Differences between China 's hydraulic market and complete machine market competition
At present, in the domestic hydraulic market, the international well-known hydraulic enterprises have a long history, strong technology, large scale and strong comprehensive strength. Their competitive advantages and competitive positions are hard to be shaken in the short term and are the first echelon in the hydraulic market. The complete machine market and post-hydraulics market have strong strength and brand recognition.The more representative brands are Dr. Rexroth, Parker Hannifin, KYB, usually the first echelon enterprises in the country are equipped with foreign-funded enterprises.
The second tier of enterprises, usually according to the complete machine supporting market and aftermarket attributes, participating companies are also quite different.Often less complete machine supporting enterprises to participate in the market competition, the same, the hydraulic market after the major enterprises Concentration is also concentrated in the channel, product development, will not spend much effort and the entire supporting enterprises compete for machine market resources.Therefore, roughly the second echelon business can be divided into complete machine and hydraulic aftermarket two types of enterprises.
The echelon enterprises have gradually established their own competitive advantages by increasing capital and technical input in different segments and have relatively mature host matching capabilities, stable customer base and certain technical reserves in their respective market segments, With the first tier of well-known international hydraulic enterprises the gap is gradually reduced in the guidance of national policies and market demand driven by the expected future industry concentration will gradually increase, with strong technical strength and excellent management capabilities of hydraulic companies will be Access to industry consolidation opportunities and bigger and stronger, while promoting the overall technical level of China's hydraulic industry to upgrade at the same time, ease the domestic supply of high-end products in the status quo.Although the domestic hydraulic parts enterprises in overall strength compared with foreign companies, but there are still inadequate, Part of the hydraulic parts enterprises after the introduction of "absorption and then innovation," the course of development, and constantly strengthen the construction of qualified personnel to enhance the level of technology, in some areas of hydraulic subdivision has reached the international advanced level, the local competitive advantage has become increasingly prominent, and gradually Have the ability to replace imported products, to further expand the country Domestic and foreign markets have laid a good foundation.
Construction machinery industry is China's largest downstream applications of hydraulic products industry, about 35% of the domestic hydraulic products used in construction machinery.In recent years, construction machinery industry growth is relatively slow, the future growth in the high-end and intelligent products , The demand for high-end hydraulic components will accelerate to accelerate.Industrial machinery industry is one of the most important indicators of the macroeconomic operation in the world.In the 10 years prior to 2011, China had the climax of infrastructure construction and the construction machinery industry experienced the golden decade According to the statistics from China Construction Machinery Association, in 2012, China's construction machinery sales reached 562.6 billion yuan, making it the largest in the world in terms of its scale of development, technological innovation capability of products is greatly increased, and its international status and influence are increasing year by year. Construction machinery market.
The largest downstream construction machinery for infrastructure and real estate investment, with the real estate market regulation and control efforts to strengthen, from the second half of 2011, construction machinery market gradually downturn.From the figure below, we can find that China's construction machinery industry peaked in 2011, But the overall size of the industry remained above the scale of 500 billion yuan in 2016. The total sales of 9 major products reached 544,600 sets in 2016, an increase of 10.2% over the same period of last year.In addition to the year-on-year decline in the sales of truck cranes and loaders, The remaining seven categories of major construction machinery products all witnessed growth, of which five major products such as graders, excavators, road rollers, industrial vehicles and bulldozers showed more than double-digit growth, and the sales of graders and excavators increased by about 20%. In the whole year, 70320 excavators were sold in the industry, an increase of 24.8% from the same period of last year. Monthly sales growth continued to accelerate since the second half of 2016, of which, a sharp increase of 75.0% YoY in December shows that in 2016, China's construction machinery industry has been completed Bottom, successfully picked up the growth channel.
During 2011-2015, problems such as high homogeneity of domestic enterprises, overcapacity of low-end products and weak international competitiveness of high-end products gradually became apparent. The main reason was that key technologies were controlled by foreign enterprises. Transmission components, control components, Diesel engines and key hydraulic parts and other high-tech, high value-added core components mainly rely on imports .To continuously improve their own industrial competitiveness.China's construction machinery industry in this period of 'scale to win' to 'quality win' Transformation.With the overall market stability and the continuous improvement of technological strength of enterprises, construction machinery is expected to enter a stable growth period in the future, high-end and intelligent will be a new growth point for construction machinery in the future, the demand for high-end hydraulic components will be Accelerate promotion.
China hydraulic components and core components market size
Hydraulic pump
Hydraulic pump from the overall technical difficulty is higher than the hydraulic cylinder in China's hydraulic industry has been as a key area to promote business attention.With the industry's hydraulic transmission industry overall technological progress, the domestic hydraulic pump production capacity has also been greatly improved. According to the data of the Institute for Liquid-Gas Airtight, the output value of hydraulic pump products in China increased from 5.918 billion yuan to 10.56 billion yuan in 2009-2016 at an alarming rate of development, but it still can not meet the rapidly growing market demand and needs to import large quantities of products each year.
Hydraulic motor
Hydraulic motors in terms of added value in the hydraulic industry accounted for not very high, but it is an integral part of the hydraulic system is an important component of innovation and development of hydraulic systems, especially in the mechatronics, hydraulic motors and their Accessories will assume more functions in the future Figure 5 is the domestic output value of the hydraulic motor.
Compared with the traditional reducer, the reducer associated with the hydraulic element is not much different from the structure design principle, mainly with the hydraulic motor to form a complete assembly. The gear speed converter is used to decelerate the number of revolutions of the motor to the desired Of the number of revolutions and get a larger torque reducer in a wide range of industrial applications, especially in the field of robotics get great social attention.According to Industry Research Institute data show that from 2010 to 2013 sales of China's reducer industry Revenue is divided into: 456 billion yuan, 60 billion yuan, 64.4 billion yuan, 80.5 billion yuan, and is expected to 2017 industry sales will exceed 100 billion yuan.
As a branch of reducer, the application of crane transportation equipment also has a very important position. It has higher technical requirements in terms of pressure bearing, working hours and complex working conditions, especially in the field of construction machinery Control requirements are getting higher and higher, electro-hydraulic integration technology gradually deepening technical background, the quality and stability of the reducer also put forward higher requirements.Crane transport equipment, reducer output accounted for 24.76%, is reducer One of the largest applications, which includes the application of construction machinery.Because the construction machinery on the reducer use accounted for the entire proportion of the transport equipment is not high, it is estimated that the proportion of engineering machinery reducer in total reducer by output value About 1% to 2%, reducer and motor are usually used supporting the basis of this is expected to China's construction machinery and lifting gear reducer market size of about 1 billion yuan.
After the hydraulic market as an important part of the hydraulic industry has been with the development of China's hydraulic industry and the rise of China's hydraulic industry is based on the early establishment of imported hydraulic products based on the early hydraulic parts factory mainly responsible for the maintenance and repair of imported hydraulic parts function , So most of the well-known domestic hydraulic parts factory have hydraulic related market experience.
With the gradual growth of China's economy, the improvement of manufacturing capacity and scale of the entire plant, the face of high overseas hydraulic parts and components costs, can not determine the low efficiency of delivery time, China's hydraulic parts companies to follow the market, The market coverage to the whole package.But the hydraulic parts market is still hydraulic parts business must pass through the market, and after the hydraulic parts market is relatively stable, will not follow the ups and downs of the whole machine manufacturing, the main with the economic cycle and the machine to retain Quantity related.
At present, construction machinery, as an important downstream application of the hydraulic industry, sales of 44% of the hydraulic industry is for construction machinery.After the construction machinery hydraulic market relative to other post-market hydraulics, become scale, also have an independent system, so we focus on engineering After the mechanical hydraulic market data analysis.
According to incomplete statistics of China Construction Machinery Association, construction machinery in China by the end of 2016 has reached 6.72 million units to 7.28 million units, the number of holdings is several times the size of the new equipment each year, and maintain the market is relatively stable, according to industry Statistics show that during the period from 2008 to 2016, the construction machinery ownership continued to grow without any decline in the ownership volume.
Construction machinery working hours up to a certain hour, usually overhaul and parts replacement, will also have some hydraulic parts replacement needs.Therefore, the continuous use of construction machinery and hydraulic pressure after the market will bring new demand because the downstream The overall operating rate of the infrastructure construction industry varies greatly each year, and the construction machinery boom index is not the same. Therefore, the annual growth rate of hydraulic pressure in the construction machinery market in our country is greatly different.
According to the characteristics of construction machinery, usually after the purchase of the new machine within 3 years only a small amount of maintenance, low maintenance costs. Machine life of 3 years, maintenance and repair, especially the maintenance of hydraulic parts into the normal construction machinery. Hydraulic components according to different brands, mining conditions, maintenance costs vary, but usually 3 to 4 years will be overhaul, overhaul will be arranged to replace the large number of hydraulic components in the construction machinery 10 years of service life, the hydraulic parts Repair and replacement is roughly equivalent to reset the entire hydraulic system components twice, taking into account the higher cost of foreign brands hydraulic parts, usually the construction machinery owners will try to choose the same performance of the domestic brand hydraulic parts.
According to the overall sales of the hydraulic industry and the proportion of downstream applications in the hydraulic industry, we can get the annual market demand for hydraulic components in the construction machinery industry. In 2016, we have reached 25.439 billion yuan.
According to the industry an average of 3 to 4 years overhaul a hydraulic over 10 life cycle replacement of two sets of hydraulic system practice, aftermarket hydraulic parts brand value less than the whole market brand, considering the market after the same with the whole package price differences, labor costs and overhead costs We expect the average maintenance and overhaul costs in the industry to be equal to 100% of the initial sales cost of the hydraulic components in the first year of 2014. According to the principle of longer service life and higher maintenance costs, we apportion the annual maintenance costs , The maintenance cost usually accounts for 5% of the original cost in 1-3 years, the maintenance cost accounts for 40% of the original cost in 4 ~ 7 years, and the maintenance cost in 8 ~ 10 years accounts for 55% of the overall cost. After 8 years, the hydraulic pressure System maintenance costs will peak.
The above assumptions are based on 10 years of construction machinery has been in a stable state of use for the long-term suspension or non-start conditions based on the above ratio, we can theoretically demand after the construction machinery market.
Taking into account the use of construction machinery in our country is positively related to the degree of economic boom.China's construction machinery construction is often inseparable from China's fixed investment in social assets, infrastructure investment and real estate market development.Komatsu's construction machinery in our country has a very good coverage And market share, Komatsu counted the start hours of equipment sold in China since 2011. This data is consistently regarded by the industry as the authority to represent the monthly start-up of construction machinery in China and we expect to start operation in 2018 The hour will increase by 5% on the basis of 2017.
Assuming construction machinery used for 8 hours a day, according to 22 working days per month estimate, the annual working time is 2112 hours .If the equipment use time did not reach this time then, then did not reach full load .We Komatsu equipment start hours For the reaction of the whole industry to start the reference.Can calculate the annual construction machinery compliance rate.
According to the principle of working longer, working in line with the higher, the higher the cost of equipment maintenance, we will theoretical maintenance of hydraulic machinery market demand, reduced to the actual market demand after the hydraulic.
Hydraulic products according to their use and mining status, the after-sales market requirements vary.Generally speaking, because of the working environment where construction machinery is harsh, you need to replace more, and like the automotive, machine tools, metallurgical equipment, due to work The environment is relatively stable, the frequency of replacement and maintenance is not too high.We expect that the hydraulic components will be used for a longer time in the fields of agricultural machinery, metallurgy, mining, etc. It usually takes about 6 ~ 8 years to complete the whole The overall replacement of hydraulic parts repair, replacement cost lower.Motor, aerospace and other industries long service life, replacement frequency will be lower.We based on different areas of the proportion of maintenance frequency calculation of different sectors of the aftermarket market demand, and ultimately calculated the final After the hydraulic market size of the market shown in Figure 9.
According to the hydraulic industry in 2010 to 2015, the hydraulic industry output ratio of various types of products, because the hydraulic market after the replacement of hydraulic parts and the original hydraulic parts is proportional to the use of this hydraulic products can be obtained from the market share.
