The trend of new energy vehicles, all car prices have released a stop production and sales of conventional fuel trucks schedule.
Recently, the two major auto companies, Beiqi and Chang'an, announced the strategy of resuming the sale of fuel-efficient vehicles:
On December 9, BAIC announced the timetable of "Stop selling traditional fuel trucks," and will cease production and sales of its own brand of traditional fuel passenger cars by 2025 in China.
On October 19, Changan Automobile officially announced that it will officially stop selling conventional fuel trucks in 2025 and launch 21 new pure electric models and 12 plug-in hybrid models in 2025. Changan Automobile has become the first domestic manufacturer to stop Traditional car prices for fuel trucks.
It seems the new energy vehicles become the mainstream just around the corner in the field of new energy vehicles subdivided into hydrogen fuel cell drive and lithium battery drive Today we are concerned about hydrogen fuel cell power vehicles, compared to electric cars What are its advantages and disadvantages? In the country How is the development trend?
Who is the domestic layout of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles?
In 2016, there were 2,312 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles registered globally, of which 2,039 were sold by Toyota Mirai and the rest by Honda Clarity and Hyundai ix35 FC.
At present, the Chinese-run hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicles are mainly commercial vehicles: Beiqi Futian Ouhui 12-meter hydrogen fuel cell bus and China National Heavy Duty Hydrogen Dynamic Terminal tractor ... In addition, recently, SAIC-Chase also released a double- System (hydrogen fuel cell and lithium battery system) FCV80. Official release of the information shows: hydrogen fuel power feeding time of 3 minutes, mileage up to nearly 440 km, together with the lithium battery system, a total of 500 km of mileage .
Earlier in the year, Wulong Electric Co., Ltd. invested by 'Superman' Li Ka-shing laid out an ultra-billion-dollar industrial project - the Yangtze River Hydrogen Power (Foshan) R & D Center and vehicle production projects. At the same time, the nation's first fully commercialized Hydrogen refueling station is also officially put into use.
In November, Tobias Brunner, vice president of Great Wall Motor, told the media that GWM has set up an in-house R & D team and is developing key technologies for electric drive and fuel cells. It is expected to launch the first completely new fuel cell vehicle in 2022.
In addition? Who is entering the field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles?
First, look at the national team .November 24, Ling Wen, general manager of National Energy Group, said at the 17th Annual Management Conference of China, is in the hydrogen industry alliance and hydrogen fuel cells are with the relevant car manufacturers and battery manufacturers, the whole Car manufacturers for integrated innovation.
Ling Wen mentioned that the domestic hydrogen refueling station invested by Shenhua has already started construction, such as Jiangsu Rugao Hydrogen Refueling Station. The project covers an area of 3.87 mu and plans to install two hydrogen compressors, with an output of 1,100 standard hours per hour and a daily hydrogenation capacity of 1,000 Kg, hydrogen capacity after completion will become the first in the country.
"The world's largest hydrogen manufacturing capacity is now at Shenhua," Ling Wen said after the establishment of the National Energy Group, we will continue to be steadfast in these areas.
Take a look at private enterprises and foreign teams.
Weichai Power ambitious in this area: November 22 this year, Weichai Power announced that based on the future development of new commercial vehicles for the common understanding of the direction of energy and intelligent manufacturing needs, and Bosch signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement on Future efforts to build fuel cell technology industry chain and cooperation in the field of intelligent manufacturing conducted a framework agreement.
According to reports, Weichai Power Management in foreign research in the first half of this year found that some manufacturers in Europe, Japan have made breakthroughs in the core technology of fuel cell research and development, which brought pressure on the company, but also realized the opportunities for development.
Yihua Tong, a state-level high-tech company focusing on R & D and industrialization of hydrogen fuel cell engines, signed a second phase strategic cooperation agreement with Hydrogenics Corporation (Canadian fuel cell stack supplier) at the end of October 2017. Under the agreement, both parties In hydrogen fuel cell power systems, hydrogen refueling network construction and operation of cooperation in areas such as In addition, June 15 this year, Dongxu Optoelectronics 100 million yuan stake in billion-pass.
In addition, on August 18, 2016, Ocean Motor Co., Ltd. invested US $ 28.3 million to subscribe the Ballader ordinary shares of Canadian hydrogen fuel cell company, accounting for 9.9% of the total ordinary shares issued by Ballard. As a result, Baltic became the largest shareholder of Ballard BallardPower Systems began researching hydrogen fuel cells in 1983, to date, the company has shipped nearly 150MW of hydrogen fuel cells.
Hydrogen fuel cell power car VS pure electric car
At present, mass production commercialized passenger cars are mainly Japanese cars and Korean cars: Toyota Mirai, Honda Clarity, Hyundai ix35 FCV (FCV is the abbreviation of Fuel Cell Vehichle.) On October 28, 2015, Toyota released in Europe A hydrogen-powered car, Mirai, is known as the world's first production version of liquid hydrogen-powered vehicles.
As can be seen from the above figure, Feng MIRAI hydrogen fuel electric vehicle structure is as follows: the rear and tail of the car equipped with two pressure 70 trillion
As you can see from the picture above, the Toyota MIRAI Hydrogen Fuel Electric Vehicle is structured as follows: Two pressure 70 Mhz hydrogen tanks are mounted on the rear and the rear of the car. Below the front seat are the core components: a 3.1 kW / L fuel The stack, where hydrogen enters the stack, combines with oxygen to create electricity and water, and a boost converter in the front of the vehicle raises the stack output current to 650 W. The current enters an AC synchronous motor located in the front position to power the vehicle Driving.
So, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCV) compared with other pure electric vehicles (EV), what are the advantages and disadvantages?
Both are new energy vehicles with zero fuel consumption, zero emission and low noise. Among them, the FCV has longer cruising range and shorter charging time than the EV, which is suitable for large and medium-sized vehicles over long distances. However, FCV is not as efficient as EV The direct use of electricity, the need to use hydrogen chemical reaction power generation, relatively low energy efficiency; in terms of cost, FCV need high-pressure hydrogen tank, vehicle cost is high, maintenance costs are high.In the infrastructure, FCV hydrogen station It has not yet been put into large-scale construction, which is a better development for EV. At present, the construction of charging stations and charging piles is rapidly developing.
In general, FCV hydrogenation can travel long distances in a few minutes, but the high cost, high efficiency and energy loss, long charging time of EV, low cost and short mileage.
Moreover, the technical barriers of FCV are higher than those of EV, such as high-pressure hydrogen storage, etc. Many refuse makers (such as Faraday for LeTV) choose EV vehicles.
However, hydrogen fuel cell technology is still facing problems
China's fuel cell vehicles started not too late, but still a gap from the world-class level.
For example, the battery power density and life expectancy, the domestic business-related fuel cell life of about 3000 hours, while the world-class standard is 5000 hours.Secondly, the key issues in the fuel cell materials and hydrogen storage issues also have some problems. Material development is still in the laboratory stage.
From laboratory technology to mass commercial applications, the key factor is to reduce product manufacturing costs, making it a market competitive, while the cost of hydrogen fuel cells there are many technical difficulties to overcome.
Hydrogen fuel cell life is short, laboratory data only 5000 hours
Chen Quanshi, a professor of automotive engineering at Tsinghua University, said in an interview with China's Auto News: 'At present, there are still technical bottlenecks in hydrogen fuel cell technology. It is not suitable for large-scale marketing until the battery life reaches 10,000 hours.
At this stage, the most cutting-edge achievement (hydrogen fuel cell life) can reach 5000 hours, but this is only the experimental data, in reality, the environment, temperature, humidity can not control the hydrogen fuel cell life will be greatly reduced. Even with a service life of 5,000 hours, a bus operating for 15 hours a day can only operate for less than a year, a life that is simply not enough to support the commercial operation of the product.
Hydrogen fuel cell membrane technology is too expensive
Yan Jianlai, deputy secretary-general of China Society of Automotive Engineers, believes that membrane technologies for hydrogen fuel cells are much more difficult than lithium batteries. "Now that membrane technology for hydrogen fuel cells has not been broken yet, using platinum as a catalyst is too delicate for temperature and air The requirements are relatively high, if you can not break through this technology is difficult to carry out large-scale marketing.
Hydrogen production costs, the future need to cut costs through mass production
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles cost is only high on the one hand, the concentration of 99.99% of the cost of hydrogen is also very high to Beijing, for example, its price is about 11 yuan / m3, and this price is clearly not suitable for ordinary consumer markets. The current conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is relatively low, which directly causes its use cost too high to meet the needs of large-scale marketing.
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In addition, there are a small number of hydrogen refueling station.
At present, there are only 7 hydrogen refueling stations in operation in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, Dalian, Foshan, Yunfu and Changshu respectively, but the good news is that hydrogen refueling stations have been accelerated in various places.
Guangdong Foshan and Yunfu two cities and PetroChina, Sinopec cooperation, plans to put into use in 2019 10 hydrogen refueling station to achieve the 1000 hydrogen energy vehicles and logistics vehicles to promote and cover.Also mentioned above, Shenhua in Jiangsu Rugao Invest in the construction of a hydrogen refueling station ......
In addition, the state support for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is also very strong:
Photo credit: December 30, 2016 Notice on Adjusting the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles
According to the "13th Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan" promulgated by the State Council: To systematically promote the R & D and industrialization of fuel cell vehicles; to promote the research and development of key components of high performance and low cost fuel cell materials and systems; to promote the onboard hydrogen storage system As well as hydrogen preparation, storage and transportation and filling technology development, promote the construction of hydrogen refueling station.
The plan is also clear that by 2020, to achieve mass production of fuel cell vehicles and large-scale demonstration applications.It seems that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles from the average consumer is not a very distant future.
