On December 2, the second batch of China's 20th Century Architectural Heritage Project was released in Chizhou, Anhui Province. The event was sponsored by China Society of Cultural Relics and China Society of Architecture and published a total of 100 'Architectural 20th Century China' , YTO (formerly First Tractor Factory) was selected for the early construction.
Recently, the reporter of "Luoyang Evening News" consulted the materials such as "Yi Tu Zhi" and "Luoyang Zhi Zhi" and interviewed YTO's old workers and listened to them about their stories about the characteristics and value of YTO early architecture. One of the past.
Factory appearance
The second batch of China's 20th century architectural heritage 'project recently released, drag early construction selected. "One drag factory records," Memorabilia records, July 12, 1953, Luoyang tractor factory preparation office was established, however, when the country is still This shows that at that time did not lock the tractor factory site in Luoyang until January 8, 1954, the first Ministry of Machinery Industry (referred to as a machine) notice, the State Planning Commission approved and Chairman Mao Zedong instructions: Decided to build in Luoyang Jianhe west designed by foreign, larger tractor factory.
Choose a site
Mao Zedong instructed to establish a tractor factory west of Lujian Jianhe.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, at that time, there was no tractor industry in China at that time. In order to realize the mechanization of agriculture in our country, the Central Party Committee planned and decided to help the country design and construct the first one when it formulated the first five-year plan for developing the national economy Tractor factory.
Tan Zhenlin, then vice premier of the State Council (front row, first right), cut the ribbon at the inauguration ceremony
The party and the state attached great importance to the selection of the site of the first tractor factory.In February 1953, the state planned to select sites in Harbin, Shijiazhuang, Xi'an, Zhengzhou, etc. Later, the central leading comrades took into account the entire industrial layout of the country and instructed In the Central Plains region of Henan Province to build factories in many parts of our province has carried out reconnaissance, collecting information specifically divided into three stages:
In the first stage, from July 15, 1953 to September 15, 1953, the site was located in the Western District of our city, a total area of 7.7 square kilometers from west to Jianhe, and in early September, the Ministry of Culture proposed The area is the site of Zhou Dynasty Wangcheng, do not agree to build factories in the region, thus giving up.
The second phase, from September 16, 1953 to November 16, 1953, focused on the triangular areas of the San Guanmiao, Rountun, Beijing-Hanhai and Longhai Railway lines and the four areas west of the Jilu River in Zhengzhou; The south of Luohe, the west of Jianhe, the White Horse Temple three areas of investigation, collecting election plant data.At the same time, but also in Yanshi, Xin'an, Shanzhou and other places for inspection.As Yanshi, Xin'an, Shanzhou three places Narrow ground, coupled with poor urban conditions, decided to give up.Because the central government from the industrial layout considerations, instructed to build factories in Luoyang.Because the area too many underground tombs, but also focus on the election plant west Jian River.
The third stage, from November 17, 1953 to February 20, 1954, analyzed and compared according to the survey data. On January 8, 1954, a department informed and approved by the State Development Planning Commission and instructed by Chairman Mao Zedong, Luoyang jianhe established tractor factory west of the same year on February 20, State Development Planning Commission informed the power plant Luoyang preparation plant.
Factory design
The entire process design of the factory, the initial design of the building to expand by the Soviet Union.
At that time, the factory design was divided into three parts: plant design, dormitory welfare facility design and off-site public facility design. The entire process design of the factory and the initial design of the building expansion were undertaken by the Soviet Union. The remaining projects were undertaken by 15 domestic units.
According to the unified arrangement of the State Development Planning Commission and the foreign design project, on May 15, 1953, the Preparatory Office of the New Plant of the Automobile Industry Administration of the Ministry of Machine Building and the Soviet Union National Automobile Tractor Industrial Design Institute signed the design contract for the Chinese tractor manufacturing plant .
According to the contract, the Soviet Union is responsible for the design of the project are: the initial design of the factory process technology and technical design by the Soviet Union, the automobile tractor and agricultural machinery manufacturing department of the National Automobile Tractor Design Institute responsible for the factory all process design by the Soviet Union Kharkov Tractor Factory ; Factory workshop to expand the initial design of the building and steel plant, cast iron workshop construction design by the Soviet Union Kharkov Agricultural Machinery Design Institute.
Yesterday morning, the sunshine, the reporter saw, dragging the factory gate and the left and right sides of the office building, is a 'concave' glyph line red brick red tile construction, very imposing.
The bottom of the word "Concave" is a dragged front door. It is a two-storey building with the gold of "First Tractor Manufacturer" on both sides and "must not forget the quality of life" on both sides. "The development must be innovative." Above the middle, is a scimitar, hammer, five-star, flags, tracks, ears, gears and other elements of the sculpture.
Zhang ZhiLei, deputy director of Dongfanghong (Luoyang) Cultural Communication Center, said: "This is a dragged factory emblem and the factory emblem of Kharkiv Tractor Factory is a set of drawings that is a hallmark of Soviet culture and socialist industrial culture.
Inauguration ceremony
Zhou Enlai instructed, please Tan Zhenlin presided over the ribbon-cutting ceremony.
According to the progress of the construction of the factory, on September 8, 1959, a machinery department agreed that the first tractor manufacturing factory would deliver the goods to the state for inspection. Premier Zhou Enlai approved the establishment of the State Acceptance Committee of the first phase of the first tractor manufacturing plant, Secretary and governor Wu Zhi Pu director.
On October 26, 1959, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed by Chen Zhengren, minister of the Agricultural Machinery Department, on the inauguration ceremony of the first tractor factory - 'Please invite the Deputy Prime Minister Tan to officiate at the ribbon-cutting ceremony.'
On November 1, 1959, a factory inauguration ceremony was held in the square of the first tractor factory factory. Leaders from the Central Government and provincial governments (in Luoyang) and municipal leaders attended the conference. At that time, Tan Zhenlin, vice premier of the State Council, cut the ribbon, The meeting made an important speech. At this point, the first tractor factory factory basically completed, and began to put into mass production.
Since then, the first tractor factory built with the Soviet-style architecture with Soviet-style factory factories, factories, workers' houses, and various ancillary facilities rooted in Jianxi District, after decades of wind and rain, is still a delayed production and Life plays an important role.
What is the status quo of the early construction of Yituo? What is the significance of selecting the second batch of Chinese architectural heritage of the 20th century?