The next 10 years, marine plastic more than fish, what can we do?
Ocean accounts for 70% of the global area and 80% of the lives of her. She provides 60% oxygen to mankind, absorbs a lot of carbon dioxide and 90% of the world's excess heat. At present, the global marine economy is already the seventh largest economy By 2030, the scale will increase threefold compared with the present, creating 13.1 million jobs.
On the other hand, there are an average of 480 billion plastic bottles globally every year, and they also grow at a rate of 3% -4% annually. The plastic in the oceans may be more than the fish in the next 10 years. By 2030, the global population will reach 8.5 billion, fish food safety will become even greater challenge.
Placed before the world's humankind, marine pollution, overfishing and other issues are intensifying. In what ways can we promote the development of the oceans in a sustainable manner, how should the government, the agencies and the people protect the marine ecological civilization?
On December 9, at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the China Council for International Cooperation and Development of Environment and Development, marine conservation experts at home and abroad held discussions around the theme of "global ocean governance and ecological civilization."
government
Protecting the marine environment is closely related to the future development of various countries, and how to reduce the pollution of ships to the oceans, reduce the damage of the fishing industry to the oceans and how to raise the marine reserves has become an important issue for all governments.
Thomson, chairman of the 71st session of the UN General Assembly, suggested that all governments should cancel all fishing allowances so as to curb overfishing and promote the coexistence and sustainable development of mankind and the oceans.
Council member and executive deputy minister for environment and energy of Australia, Pratt, introduced the Australian government's marine management experience. He said that Australian tools for managing the oceans are to set up MPAs, and Australia's MPAs are the second-largest MPAs in the world , Accounting for about one third of Australia's sea area. "Within the reserve, different areas will be divided according to the species of marine animals and different management schemes will be formulated."
In fact, China has always made its own attempts and efforts to protect the marine environment. "Huo Chuanlin, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration of China State Oceanic Administration, said that with regard to marine management, China's State Oceanic Administration has proposed three focuses and the first focused promotion Marine economic development, the second focus to promote the construction of marine ecological civilization, the third focus depth participation in international ocean governance.
'We have not yet fully realized that one of the problems with the use of the oceans is how they are produced and how they are consumed.' "ECOSOC, Sustainable Development of the Environment, Territorial and Oceans of Italy, La Camela, Director of EU and International Affairs Said that governments all over the world are very concerned about growth but have neglected to pay attention to long-term quality.
In the global governance of the marine environment, HE Kirsensen, Vice Chairman of CCICED and Norway's Minister of Climate and Environment, proposed drawing lessons from the experience of the Paris Agreement to set different goals for different challenges and take corresponding actions toward different goals, and at the same time, Shared commitment to resources. "Although the framework does not have to be exactly the same as the Paris agreement, experience is worth learning. '
Han Xu, deputy director of the Fisheries Fisheries Administration of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, said at the meeting that in order to protect the environment, China solved the problem of eating fish hard by fishing instead of catching fish and fishing. It has solved the problem of China's 1.3 billion people eating fish and can also export 4 million tons of fish every year.
Thomson expressed his affirmation of China's maritime policy and believes that China is an important country in the UN's goal of sustainable development. China has also made a very large commitment to marine protection and hopes to continue implementing it.
mechanism
In the governance of the global marine environment, scientific research institutes and marine think tanks around the world have become another viable force for the protection of the oceans, in addition to the regulatory implementation of the governments of various countries. They generally believe that advanced scientific knowledge and sound governance mechanisms are of great value to the governance of marine pollution The question is crucial.
The member of the China Cooperation Council and director of the Norwegian Polar Institute think that if the human beings want to achieve a balance between the use of marine resources and protection, they need ecological management as the basis for environmental management, and this is where the entire marine ecosystem is the key. Whether science and knowledge can be integrated for the governance of the marine environment is important.
In addition, 'global awareness is also important for the protection of the oceans.' "De Nie Rui, director of the marine project at the World Economic Forum, believes that the United Nations has a series of organizations and agencies such as IMO in charge of global vessels, but these organizations are now in a fragmented state. A country, with different sectors such as fisheries, the environment and the oceans, but all sectors are working on their own to solve their own problems, believes that it is important to analyze the issue from a holistic perspective and solve the problem from the perspective of global governance.
Of course, in addition to having a global governance body, we must also improve and perfect the operational mechanism. In terms of mechanism building, Svensson, director of maritime affairs of the United Nations Environment Program, said that the key is to hope that all governments will have the political will to work with other organizations, including the private sector Various types of non-governmental organizations cooperate to integrate academia and research institutes to protect the marine environment.
As a populous nation and a big maritime power, China must find a new and sustainable model to tackle the issue of marine litter. "If China can play a leading global role in this area, it will be an opportunity for China and the rest of the world." Chairman, UN Under-Secretary General and UNEP Executive Director Solheim said.
folk
In the protection of marine ecology, civil power has always been an integral part of the parties involved in the discussion spontaneously said that people and technology are the key factors to protect the marine environment.
Diane Regas, a member of the Hong Kong Economic Cooperation Council and president of the U.S. Environmental Protection Association, pointed out that the global marine industry has long been faced with the dangers of overfishing. The key to protecting the oceans is human beings and technology, and human beings are the major factors.
'Whether it's food safety or life's sake, the protection of the marine environment requires adjustments in people's behavior.' 'Dai said that they invited fishermen from places like Canada and Mexico to visit the oceans for their actions Influence, with a view to change their behavior, and achieved some results.
In response, director of Beijing Qiao Jin Foundation, Dong Ce believes that fishers can not survive without fishing and it is hard to stop transitional fishing alone. "The main purpose is to make the transition fishermen have new livelihoods and will not earn more than their current income Less ", such as the establishment of eco-tourism accommodation hired these fishermen.
In addition to being a human factor, Mr Deligher believes that technology can also be used to stop overfishing, such as monitoring the real-time changes in the marine ecosystem using vessels located throughout the world's oceans and determining planned catches in the region to prevent overfishing.
Han Han, executive director of Chih-Yu Sustainable Technology Development Research Institute, said that in the future, the government can supervise and manage with the help of mobile Internet and IoT technologies, which is also the future governance mode of the global oceans. "Technology allows us to better interact with the oceans. '
Han said that as a non-governmental organization concerned with the sustainable development of fisheries, it hopes to connect with China's fishery management reform through connecting enterprises, farmers, the public and the government, and hopes that through data-driven blue upgrade of the upstream and downstream industries of Chinese fishery, China's excellent breeding technology experience abroad.