'To solve the resource-constrained environment with less water shortage as the orientation, and to further promote the transformation of the mode of agricultural development.' After a lapse of five years, it is still the problem to be overcome by modern agriculture. Coupled with the December 1 implementation of the 'water tax' Let the situation of agricultural water saving more severe.
Prominent agricultural irrigation contradictions Accurate irrigation is imminent
From the annual rainfall of topped Guangdong Province (average annual rainfall of 2000-3500 million m³) point of view, "Guangdong Water Resources Bulletin 2016" shows that economically developed areas, the proportion of industrial and domestic water is relatively high, agricultural water The proportion of agricultural water in some areas of the Pearl River Delta accounts for only 16.8% of the total corresponding water consumption, but the agricultural water consumption in Guangdong Province accounts for more than half of the total water consumption of the province, and experts point out that agricultural water-saving There is great potential for tapping the potential.
Annual precipitation ranks second in the ranks of the total amount of 74.4 billion m³ of water resources, the unit area of water resources ranked fourth in Zhejiang Province, but also a large agricultural users, it is roughly estimated that in 2015 its total water consumption accounted for about About 60% of the amount.
In a survey of the status of water resources in Zhejiang Province, it is found that most of the farmers are still using the method of flooding, with continuous water flow in the paddy fields and serious string-and-string irrigation in the mountainous and hilly areas. Most surveyed households think that water Is the sky falling, inexhaustible, Moreover, abundant rainfall in Zhejiang, do not use will flow into the sea in vain, not without the idea of using more serious.
In Hebei Province, where per capita water resources are scarce, the contradiction between supply and demand has become more prominent.With the large amount of agricultural water use and low surface water resources, deep well water and rainwater are the main sources of agricultural irrigation.Because of the single source of water supply, the supply pressure of agricultural water supply increases, In order to match the rapid development of urbanization and ensure water use in urban areas, we have to shift the original supply of water from reservoir-based agricultural irrigation to urban water supply. This requires that agricultural water be adjusted through water-saving irrigation and adjustment of planting based on the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure Structure and other measures to save water as much as possible to alleviate the increasingly prominent contradiction of water use.
Agricultural water-saving precision irrigation is not a problem at all
Agricultural precision and intensification of the trend of the times, all enterprises and organizations in the field of agricultural machinery have also extended their olive branch to precision irrigation. Precision irrigation equipment brought by agricultural machinery giant John Deere at this year's International Agricultural Machinery Exhibition is separately listed in the exhibition area. Mianyang Released the first series of automatic irrigation system; Background Forestry University built by the plant life water conditions and the growth of micro-environmental conditions for precision smart irrigation 'soil moisture monitor', 'soil moisture sensor' and so on.
However, the survey found that in the traditional agricultural planting process, more than half of farmers adopted the methods of flood irrigation, furrow irrigation and flood irrigation, and the small part adopted the water-saving forms such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. In the process of water transportation, the use of pipes and plastic soft belts Mostly, but the traditional way is still the first of the earthquakes.Why agricultural precision irrigation is endless, the agricultural water consumption is still increasing only?
Science is the primary productive force. While expanding the family of precision irrigation technology, we must also increase the training of irrigation technical personnel, intensify efforts to cultivate new type of professional farmers and improve the cultural and scientific and technological qualities of agricultural labor force producers. From the overall optimization of our workforce Resource structure, maximize the efficiency of agricultural labor resources, lay a solid foundation for the development of precision irrigation technology.
While introducing successful international experience and cutting-edge technologies, all regions should also, in light of the development status of local agriculture, develop and popularize precision irrigation techniques with local characteristics according to local conditions.
In some areas of the survey, some areas still followed the irrigation methods that used to flood the fields before. Even though the relevant government departments gave new irrigation technologies and irrigation equipment (droppers, seepage irrigation, micro-irrigation, etc.) to farmers in these areas, they still did not use Therefore, the relevant departments should also promote the promotion of new technologies and fundamentally raise awareness of water conservation in agriculture.
Perhaps most people will think that the precision irrigation, efficient water transport equipment, strong research and development and market, agriculture will have achieved remarkable results, but from the development status quo, agricultural precision irrigation equipment R & D use, though theoretically available Very good results, but the most fundamental problem of solving agricultural water still needs attention.
The pilot scheme for tax reform of water resources stipulates that tax payments should be made on a small amount of water such as family life, sporadic rearing, captive livestock and poultry, etc. For farmers, the minimum average tax in pilot provinces is 0.1 yuan / m³ to 1.6 yuan / m³, groundwater 0.2 yuan / m³ to 4 yuan / m³. Under the strict control of water tax, will China's agriculture water-saving irrigation problem be eased?