Northeastern China's conservation tillage straw mechanized coverage of land plots no-tillage planter direct sowing operations
Mechanization of straw from the back to the field technology promotion is the past two years the national agricultural system a tough battle.On the one hand, comprehensive utilization of straw is more and more inseparable from the mechanized equipment technology; the other hand, through the promotion of straw mechanization back to the field for the development of the agricultural machinery industry Bring new opportunities, put forward new requirements and arduous tasks, and shoulder the heavy responsibility.
Looking back straw mechanization also from the field work, achieved more prominent results.
First straw machinery and equipment to become a downturn farm machinery market highlights.
Straw machinery and equipment in the past two years at least bring more than one percentage point increase in the agricultural machinery market. By the end of 2016, the country has reached more than 850,000 units of straw crushing machine, straw pick up bales of up to 46,800 units, 43,400 forage harvester Taiwan, respectively, an increase of 5.55%, 26.15% and 6.11% over the previous year in 2016 nearly 10 million balers throughout the country; 2017 to mid-October, the country sold a total of about 10,900 bales of various models, up An increase of more than 11%. It is estimated that the total number of balers sold in 2017 will be close to 14,000 units, the largest increase in history.
Second, China has become a big country in straw baler manufacture.
Crushing and returning to the fields, collecting and bundling, etc. R & D and manufacturing capabilities are rapidly increasing. Especially the relatively high technological content of strapping machines in straw machinery is totally dependent on imports and no balers in China. The number of varieties and production capacity has ranked first in the world, the annual production capacity of 50,000 units or more.
Third, comprehensive utilization of straw mechanization to expand the area.
For example, an agricultural cooperative in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, bought 10 balers on a single occasion; and Huaian City, Anhui Province, emerged as a mechanical packing area Operating services of agricultural service organizations.According to statistics, in 2016, the country's main crop mechanized straw field area of 720 million mu, picking up the bundled area of 665 million mu of protected tillage area of 130 million mu, mechanized use of straw to achieve the total 465 million tons.
Fourth, integrated farming techniques are being studied and demonstration.
The Ministry of Agriculture organized and implemented key projects such as the construction of conservation tillage demonstration bases, technological innovations in conservation tillage and pilot demonstration projects. The project of returning straw to straw as an important part of the "mechanized demonstration project of major crop production" promoted the establishment of various industries including straw processing Within the full mechanization of production technology system.Around the positive technological innovation test carried out to form a number of suitable for the local straw mechanization and field farming technical mode and from the field operation mode.
Fifth, straw mechanization policy support has been increasing.
The central government continued to increase its support for the purchase of straw using machinery and subsidies for subsoiling and subsoiling land.The local governments actively sought for financial support and set up mechanized operations subsidies and arranged special funds to subsidize the mechanized straw removal from fields.These policies have stimulated the promotion of agricultural machinery and equipment R & D and manufacturing technology, stimulating the market demand.
However, in accordance with the requirements of the Central Government, there is still a long way to go before the goal of 'utilizing straw for basic utilization' is achieved. The issue of unbalanced development of straw mechanization from returning to the fields is still outstanding. In some areas, Utilization rate is still low.
For example, recently, about the relevant departments in Heilongjiang Province and the four municipal governments, due to poor supervision of straw burning in autumn, etc., the news interviewed by the State Environmental Protection Department has aroused widespread concern in agriculture and the agricultural machinery industry.
First, there is a bias on the way of thinking.
Regarding the comprehensive utilization of straw, the central government has clear guidelines and working requirements, emphasizing the use of straw as the mainstay of straw utilization and the priority of returning straw to the land, but in some places, straw has been mechanized and packaged since 2017 Focus on the implementation of the support efforts, the purchase of straw balers to the subsidies, bundling operations have subsidies, gongs and drums vigorously attract investment from the straw after the comprehensive utilization of enterprises, and should be taken as a key support of the straw back to the spot Not enough, less ways, less support, less ask, let their farmers themselves.
Therefore, in many places in autumn 2017, there is a scene of mechanical baling everywhere. The precious resources of straw, which should have remained in the fields and fertilized for land, are driven by subsidies. After being bundled and transported, Under the more energy consumption, the so-called biomass power generation, which is not worth the buck, will only exacerbate the 'hunger' of the soil by forcibly plundering 'food' that should have eaten the soil.
Second, the protection of tillage straw mechanization covered a small area, the proportion of low.
From the perspective of the successful utilization of straw in the world, conservation tillage should be the main form of direct straw utilization by straw, so that even if the straw is fully and efficiently utilized and the operating costs at the production stage are low, it will not bring soil susceptibility Erosion of feng shui, significant ecological benefits.
However, according to the data, the area of straw used by using conservation tillage technology in China was only 130 million mu in 2016, accounting for a considerable proportion of straw utilization. There is not yet much protected tillage area in a state of Iowa in the United States.
Third, the rapid development of straw from the field machinery, showing the signs of overcapacity; and mechanized straw crop varieties lack of key equipment, supply can not keep up with demand.
Straw from the field of R & D and manufacturing machinery manufacturers, balers variety, the market has emerged oversupply, overcapacity. A considerable part of the bling machine is entirely imitation of the purchase of components, the lack of core technology is a 'quick punch' Way into the baler market, spell low price, poor reliability, high failure rate.
As a result of conservation tillage double cropping site preparation of equipment, research and development difficult, the agro-agricultural integration between regions require large differences in the demonstration of a relatively long period of promotion, take the initiative to develop agricultural research and manufacturing enterprises less.
China has entered a new era and started the agricultural green production mode in which man and nature coexist harmoniously.Strengthening the mechanization of straw returning and moving away from the field has already pressed the 'fast forward key' to realize the resource utilization of straw, which is gradually approaching. The establishment of straw is to protect rice bowl, security of land, protect the concept of ecology, straw mechanization in situ return to straw should be the main color, the agricultural front, especially agricultural machinery should be brave and courageous, to show wisdom, guide the demand, As a positive, with the motherland to promote agricultural green production growth in the CCP.