On December 2, the '2017 2nd China Distributed PV Quality Construction Summit Forum' sponsored by the solar power generation network and Solar Power Magazine was held at the DoubleTree by Hilton Beijing.
More than 30 heavyweight experts and enterprises from the National Development and Reform Commission, State Grid, Power Generation Group and photovoltaic enterprises gathered together to deeply understand the opportunities and challenges facing the market-oriented distributed power generation business and make suggestions for the future of distributed photovoltaic systems. Less content and data are the first public, the scene many large business Qiqihar dry goods, listen to fun.
Mr. Liu Jianxin, a senior expert in the power industry and a director of the expert committee of China Construction Metal Structure Association, said in his keynote speech entitled "Distributed generation and electricity market-oriented transactions"
'To make more use of decentralized energy, micro-grid technologies must be used. With key technologies such as micro-grid operation control and energy management, the adverse effects of intermittent distributed generation on the distribution network can be reduced. In terms of power supply reliability and power Quality play a useful supporting role, but also give us the Internet of things to create a huge imagination.
The following recording based on the site, the text of the headline for editors added to share with the industry friends:
First of all, thanks to the invitation of Solar Power Magazine, I am very happy to attend this forum.Next, I will discuss my own thoughts on the topics of distributed power generation and electricity market-oriented transactions and discuss with you the development of distributed generation Opportunity, please criticize.
As we all know, in order to make use of the ubiquitous solar energy and wind energy resources scattered around us, under the guidance of policies, the photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation industries are developing rapidly. In order to utilize distributed regenerative energy and accelerate the development of distributed power supply, it has risen National strategic height.
However, the current development is not satisfactory.
In equipment manufacturing, the conversion rate of photovoltaic, wind power manufacturing quality needs to be improved.
In the system integration, the complementary form of distributed generation is not enough, more single form of power generation, and micro-grid technology has not been fully utilized.
In the electricity, housing structure, China's industrial electricity accounted for 70% of the form of a single power plant can not meet the requirements; at the same time, China's buildings are mostly buildings, roof area is not large, resulting in distributed photovoltaic power generation installed capacity is not large , Coupled with the characteristics of instability, resulting in poor operating conditions, income basically rely on the sun, by subsidies.
In the business model, the demand for property rights is not paid enough attention. It still stays in the thinking of a single entity - investment, engineering, operation and return, resulting in the soaring cost of construction and management.
In the relationship between power grids, distributed generation operates on the distribution level. Since the original distribution network has no power supply point, it has become an active distribution network, which brings a lot of technical problems to the distribution network operation. This is also to some extent Limited the development of distributed generation.
In summary, the above problems are due to the PV we are engaged in, and the wind power industry is a new energy industry.From the definition of new energy, we know that the energy we develop is being researched based on new technologies so that the system can be developed and applied Primary energy
From the definition, we can see that no matter what our respective opinions on the problems existing in DG, these problems are all normal and are all problems that inevitably exist during the promotion and application of new energy, that is, the problems caused by development.
From a deep point of view, technically, it can not support the current large-scale production and extensive use of development, not as conventional power plants that throw off their guns. In other words, if we use the conventional energy thinking Engage in new energy construction, it will restrict the development of distributed generation.
First of all should be clear positioning of distributed generation
China's resource conditions, industrial base determines the distributed generation approach.
The primary energy source in our country is coal. We can not help but use it because of the emission problem. At the same time, our country is a big manufacturing country. The proportion of industrial electricity consumption is over 70%, and a large amount of load can only be met by thermal power generation.
This determines the coal-fired power plant in the main position, distributed generation in a complementary position.
80% of China's wind energy resources are distributed in the three northern and southeastern coastal areas and 20% in the central and eastern regions, most of which are concentrated development. The solar energy resources are also concentrated in the northwestern and northern China desert regions and are also suitable for centralized development.
The remaining decentralized resources are suitable for distributed power generation to develop, that is, the use of decentralized resources, the use of generated energy in place.This shows that its market segments in addition to industrial electricity outside the residential and service markets, that is, people's lives , The working environment of electricity.
Although there are many people in our country and their living density is high, the cities are dominated by skyscrapers and there are limited energy sources on the rooftops. However, in the face of huge demographic and resource markets, the business opportunities brought by the diversified use of resources will certainly drive people to expand this market.
It can be expected that as technology advances, distributed generation, as an important complement to the forms of energy utilization in our country, will have increasingly broader prospects.
Fully aware of the gradual nature of new energy technologies
Because of the long time of new energy application in the process of research and development characteristics, objectively, its technology is constantly improving in the application.For some time, technological innovation, especially system technology innovation, is important for the development of distributed generation It even makes sense.
At present, the application of single technologies such as photovoltaic in our country has been fully rolled out under the policy motivation. Some of the indicators are already at the first-class level. In particular, the construction cost has been at a relatively low level. The development speed of the industry is impressive Spotlight.
But after all, it is a new energy, compared to conventional energy terms, the technology is still very mature space, it can not be offended.
At present, the photovoltaic power generation is greatly influenced by the light intensity, and its engineering application conversion rate is not high and the decay rate is not stable. There are also some technical problems in the distributed power supply network.
The main problem is that after the distributed power supply is connected to the distribution network, the traditional single-supply radial network becomes a multi-source network.With the trend of distribution network, the size and direction may change significantly, Uncontrollable fluctuations, to the distribution network to bring a series of new technical issues.
For example, voltage regulation is difficult, relay protection malfunction, harmonic control, distribution network operation optimization difficulties, measurement rationality and safety issues, and so on.
These problems must be solved by systematic thinking of technological progress and technological mixes, so I personally think that the current problem is the lack of systematic application of technologies.
Rational development should be guided by policies and systematic synergies with technology, with policies to promote the technological level, with a phased technology platform to promote the further improvement of the guiding policy to create business opportunities, greater use of decentralized resources .
Use shared thinking to improve business models
As mentioned earlier, the market for distributed power generation is mainly for people's living and work environment.
The interests of the market demand for the main distributed power generation industry is the endogenous development, the fundamental motivation to meet their interest demands is that we get involved in this area of the prerequisite, but also to expand the market power of electricity trading premise.
To do this, we have to research the needs of our customers and use shared thinking to further refine the business model.
The main idea of the business model is that the investment company and the owner jointly own the equity (or investment company investment, the owner transfer market, the implementation of contract energy management mode), professional construction and maintenance team building, maintenance, commissioned the power generation unit of the property company operations management.
The difference between this idea and the existing practice mainly lies in the investment of the owner, which aims to activate the enthusiasm of customers.More use of decentralized resources is the requirement of green China, the pursuit of return on investment is the investor's request, the customer's value appeal is to meet the green And the fundamental reason for the return.
The introduction of policies has given investors business opportunities, contributed to the formation of the early markets, but we may have a bias on the market.
Conventional power plants have to listen to the order to power generation scheduling, and its direct market is the power grid business.New energy sources do not need to be scheduled power generation, the sun, the wind on the grid companies are not our market but an important partner, Our market is the main power users, power users are our customers.
In the past, there may be such an understanding that we believe that when we generate electricity and power grids give us tariffs, our market is the power grid and we can not see electricity consumers, so investors should adopt a pole-storied model where investors rent the roof and build Photovoltaic power plants, operations management, electricity recovery are their own management model.
In this mode, the roof has become a scarce resource.After the implementation of the Property Law, it is even more scarce, causing difficulties in development.
Looking back now, I still do not know enough about the characteristics of the new energy market.
The best way to use decentralized energy is to consume it locally, which determines the market for distributed generation, and as long as there is no incentive for this market segment, the market is not activated.
Policy guidance only ignited this match for new-energy curiosities (ie, the early markets), because without the enthusiasm of owners, the potential mass market was like a pile of unlit wood.
To get this match to light the pile of logs, you have to make the logs themselves flammable, and the involvement of the owners may be a good way.
On October 31, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration released the document '2017'1901 of the Development and Reform Commission, which is a circular on piloting distributed power generation market-oriented transactions. Document No.1901 conveys the following information:
The project can be constructed in a multi-energy and complementary manner to encourage the installation of energy storage facilities. The unit capacity is not higher than 20MW and 50MW. After the project is completed, it can enjoy the subsidy for electricity generation by the renewable energy development fund. The distributed power generation project owner can provide the limited substation area Within the power user to sell electricity; grid company charges over the net; purchase power side enjoy energy saving and so on.
It should be said that based on the existing new energy technology and distribution network technology, the policy of Document No.1901 has played a leading role, which undoubtedly will greatly promote the development of distributed generation. Not only are the business opportunities for distributed generators in the pilot area but also the confidence in the development of distributed generation in the country.
Via 1901, the biggest change in the business of distributed generation projects is the sale of electricity across the wall, as it can consist of multiple forms of generation, not only photovoltaics, but also wind power, biomass power generation, micro gas turbines, fuel Batteries, small hydropower, energy storage devices, etc., in fact it can be called a power plant.
And because of carbon emission reductions, can join the carbon trading market, making the power plant operating income increased, distributed power plants have a development mechanism.
If the introduction of renewable energy rationing, the provisions of the transaction power can be included in the power grid enterprises to complete the quota of renewable energy, which makes the grid companies have the enthusiasm to further consolidate the development mechanism of distributed generation.
Micro grid construction is the prerequisite for the development of distributed generation
Above is the policy of the new project in the pilot area, although the distributed power plants that have been completed and operated can not enjoy these policies, especially the electricity sales across the wall, but these signals and their cognition of the distributed generation law transform and upgrade us Existing projects also have some new inspiration.
1, as the power supply side, we must allow users to experience the value-added.In addition to ownership structure transformation, but also make a fuss about the power generation and energy efficiency .In addition to due to the appropriate installation of other complementary power supply, Places can be installed thermal storage, storage systems, and users share peak-valley spreads.
2. At present, due to the high price of energy storage equipment and control center, it is more economical for the same scale of distributed generation to adopt the direct access plan than the micro-grid option, so the construction of micro power grid has not been started yet Contains microgrid ideas).
However, the greater use of decentralized energy requires the use of microgrid technology because the microgrid is a distributed generation, load, energy storage, converter and monitoring and protection device organically integrated small power distribution system .
With micro-grid operation control and energy management and other key technologies, it can achieve its grid or island operation, reduce the intermittent distributed power supply to the distribution network, the adverse effects, to maximize the use of distributed power output, improve power supply reliability Sexual and power quality.
As microgrids and distribution networks both influence and support each other, they can play a useful supporting role in power supply reliability and power quality, and users have an interest in them.
Nowadays, one of the main reasons for the development of distributed power generation industry to enter the bottleneck restriction is the lag in the progress of system technology.On the basis of the prior art, a single photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation technology can not overcome the intermittent and unstable inherent characteristics, Difficult to find users, let alone ignite the 'logs'.
Therefore, it can be said that the construction of micro-grid is a prerequisite for the development of distributed generation.In addition to actively seeking support for such policies as micro-grid feed-in tariffs, I suggest that investors in distributed generation should initiate the establishment of an industry-specific fund - , Together with distribution companies to build regional microgrid.After the completion of the microgrid, the shareholders of the Fund enjoy the right to build distributed power projects and other related business opportunities.
3, Microgrid will carry the dual functions of information and energy, and will flexibly generate electricity and share electricity terminals, enterprises, electric vehicles and logistics in home and office buildings, etc., which will influence and share information in the microgrid.
Through the optimization of micro-grid energy optimization, virtual power plant technology and intelligent distribution network, the global optimization and regulation of the micro-grid group will be gradually improved and the economy of the micro-grid will be gradually raised to achieve a higher level of efficient, economical and safe operation as well as bringing the Internet of Things Build a huge imagination.
By then, the highest use of decentralized energy, distributed generation benefits most, the best contribution to Green China.
The development of distributed power is to improve the scale of renewable energy use and improve the efficiency of traditional energy sources an important way to accelerate the development of distributed power has risen to the national strategic level.
At present, the power grid enterprises are vigorously promoting the construction of smart grids. The new power grid structure system will be set up. The distribution network will serve as an autonomous network - bidirectional energy exchange (active distribution network); micro grid as an autonomous network - Network operation, emergency energy allocation management.
This means that microgrids are an effective way to transform the distribution network from passive to active networks, that is to say, we will welcome the spring of technological progress.
If distributed power generation investors can change their thinking and explore ways to share their ideas further, it will speed up the construction of microgrids and the penetration rate of distributed power generation will increase by an order of magnitude.
In short, the industry is full of vigor and vitality, promising for distributed generation!