In recent years, China's auto industry continues to grow and develop. As the world's largest automobile consumer market, auto sales and sales exceeded 28 million units in 2016, ranking the first in the world for 8 years in a row.With the growth of automobile production and sales and the progress of related technologies, According to the requirements of "Made in China 2025" and "Mid-term and long-term development plan for automobile industry", it is necessary to intensify efforts to promote the development of new energy vehicles as well as energy conservation of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles Emission reduction work, and the electronic information technology is widely used in cars, information technology to promote the development of the automobile industry.Another highly-anticipated "passenger car companies average fuel consumption and new energy vehicles points parallel management approach" (hereinafter referred to as 'Double integration') policy has been officially announced by the end of September this year, the policy will be officially implemented April 1, 2018. Against the backdrop of double-credit policy, Chinese and foreign car prices to develop energy-saving and new energy vehicles is the trend of the times, and the car Non-metallic materials play a very important role in this process.
In order to promote the improvement of technical level of automobile non-metallic materials and products in China, the branch of Automotive Non-metallic Materials of China Society of Automotive Engineers held the theme of 'Lightweight, Functional and Environmental Protection' in Harbin from November 28 to November 30 Will be to promote the sharing of industry experience, open up the technical horizons of science and technology personnel, enhance awareness of independent innovation and technology accumulation.
'Plastic to steel' lightweight road
Made in China 2025 clearly states that by 2020, the overall fuel consumption of passenger cars (including new energy passenger cars) will drop to 5 liters / 100 kilometers and will drop to 4 liters / 100 kilometers by 2025. By 2020, commercial vehicles New car fuel consumption close to the international advanced level, reached the international advanced level by 2025. According to the international research institute experiments show that if the car vehicle weight reduced by 10%, fuel efficiency can be increased by 6% to 8%; car curb mass reduction of 100 kg , 100 km fuel consumption can be reduced 0.3 to 0.6 liters.Therefore, to ensure the car's strength and safety under the premise of as much as possible to reduce the curb weight of the car, thereby enhancing the car's power, reducing fuel consumption has become the development of the car prices trend.
At the 7th Annual Meeting of Automotive Nonmetallic Materials Branch, Zheng Hong, Director of Materials and Lightweighting Division of China FAW New Energy Development Institute pointed out: 'At present, China's auto industry has become an important force in the global automotive industry. The dream of a car power country is gradually being gradual A reality, in order to promote the green development of the automotive industry, the state issued a number of columns of automobile industry development policies, especially the double integral policy, will inevitably change the product structure of major auto companies, rather than the development and application of metal materials, with great Lightweight, both to alleviate the pressure on these two aspects of automobile companies, but also to provide more opportunities for the non-metallic industries will surely promote the industry to innovate technologies, create a rapid transformation and upgrading of the automotive industry and promote the full rejuvenation of its own brand.
In recent years, automobile lightweight has become an effective measure to reduce vehicle emissions and improve combustion efficiency. It is also the main direction for the development of automotive materials. The amount of automotive non-metallic materials also increases. Plastic and elastomer play an important role in lightweighting the vehicle body .
In the automotive plastic market, both the exterior trim, interior trim, and plastic dosage are continuously increasing, and with the continuous improvement of the hardness, strength and tensile properties of plastic, the plastic windows, doors, skeletons are even more Many of the key components of the car are using plastic, so the plastic instead of steel is one of the important trends in automotive lightweight.
According to the geographical area, the application of automotive plastic products in the automobile industry is mainly distributed in the United States, Western Europe, Japan and China. The most widely used automotive plastics are general engineering plastics and general plastics, which are classified as plastic products. Polypropylene (PP) Polyurethane (PU) is widely used as a foaming material in the automotive industry. According to IHS Markit data, polyurethane accounts for about 20% of automobile materials in various countries. Automotive interior IHS Markit Xu, deputy director of chemical industry slowly said: 'polyurethane foam consumption distribution by region, then, is undoubtedly the largest market in China, personally think that polyurethane materials are the automotive non-metallic materials by the market fluctuations of the smallest Of the predicted future years, polyurethane materials in the car will be among the positive growth.
Elastomers can be divided into two major categories in the automotive sector: one for tire applications and one for non-tire applications. The automotive tire market is the largest end market for rubber with about 70% rubber used in the tire market. Therefore, China is the largest rubber market in the world, which is also affected by the vigorous development of automobile industry and tire industry in recent years in our country.The consumption of natural rubber and synthetic rubber in our country is huge, However, self-sufficiency shows the opposite status.
In non-tire applications, EPDM and TPO have a wide range of applications.The data show that from 2001 to 2015, the global ethylene propylene rubber production and vehicle production trends are basically parallel, a To some extent, the production status of EPDM can also reflect the status of the entire automobile market, but our country's EPDM production capacity is relatively low, depending on the import.
With the deepening application of lightweighting in the process of plastic substitution steel, the research and development and application of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) between rubber and plastic have become more and more mature and more and more extensive. 2016 Global Thermoplastic Elastomer Consumption has reached 6 million tons, TPE development and the development of the automotive industry has a great relationship, because TPE total consumption distribution, 43-44% is for the automotive industry which is widely used in seals and Guide slot TPV products in the future market has the potential to tap.
All in all, lightweight vehicles are the only way to grow the global automotive market, and Goldman Sachs predicts each of the OEMs will lose about 200 kg of weight to meet the demand by 2025. In many light-weight In materials, rubber and plastics materials as non-metallic materials, automotive lightweight will play an increasingly important role.
Safety and environmental protection and lightweight can not be neglected one
In 2014, the global transportation industry accounted for 29% of the carbon emissions, second only to heavy industry, indicating that the automotive industry accounted for a large proportion of the carbon emissions, while the non-metallic automotive materials were effective as a light-weight Means are more and more commonly used.At the same time, the vigorous development of automotive non-metallic materials, but also pay attention to some problems.
As consumers continue to increase the demand for odor VOCs in vehicles and improve the quality of air in vehicles, VOC control of interior parts has become a challenge for the OEMs and interior parts industries.
In the automotive VOC sector, with the continuous revision of the state's mandatory standardization and the first time that the air quality in the vehicle is included in the management of the sixth country, the pressure on the vehicle manufacturers to control the VOCs of the vehicle companies is more and more complied with the legal standards The more urgent.The car smell is the major OEMs most concerned about a field, whether it is a third-party research institutes released research reports or consumer complaints situation, the smell of the car as a subjective evaluation of the car for consumers, For car prices, how to improve the air quality inside the car is also very important.
China Automotive Technology Research Center, Wang Lei, data resource center that: 'In the automotive R & D phase is not a problem, it is a problem in the production process of a batch of products because of the problem of making the car smell the car Make consumers uncomfortable. '
Release of harmful substances contained in automotive parts and automotive interior materials, including plastic and rubber parts for automobiles, fabrics, paint coatings, insulation materials, adhesives, etc., may cause VOCs to be exceeded. Volatilization in these materials The research shows that according to the requirements of the new national standard, the VOC of the vehicle is mainly concentrated in the excessive concentration of ethylbenzene and xylene, among which the sealing strips, Skylights, door locks, seats, roof linings and glue on the craft contribute greatly to the VOC content of the vehicle. Therefore, these components are also the key components of VOC control of the vehicle.
Wang Lei introduction: 'For enterprises to achieve a vehicle VOC control, whether it is VOC or odor we will be the target decomposition of the main twenty or thirty interior parts, and then gradually broken down to the initial raw materials, Is our non-metallic materials for the car, for most vehicle companies, the control system has been basically established and complete, to take a step-by-step screening, vertical control methods, vehicle manufacturers to meet the pressure of VOC national standards is not great, The focus of the enterprise is how to further improve the VOC performance of the vehicle based on the national standards. '
On the other hand, in the control of the vehicle VOC, the optimization of raw materials is the fundamental measure, but at the same time, besides the influence of the formulation of the raw material on the VOC, the forming process and the post-treatment process of the components also affect the volatility of the components Therefore, VOC control will affect the VOCs of the vehicle from the aspects of synthesis, modification, processing of the raw materials, manufacture of parts, assembly, storage and transportation, assembly of parts in the whole vehicle, and design and manufacturing. Need to support the transformation and control of the entire industrial chain.
In addition, the establishment of a unified material testing standards and clear evaluation indicators are also indispensable.
Biomaterials and 3D printing technology have a bright future
Under the goal of environmental protection and light weight, the development of new materials and new processes is gaining more and more attention from enterprises, and the progress of biomaterials and 3D printing technologies bring brighter prospects to the automobile industry.
In biomaterials, biomaterials such as polylactic acid PLA + PC and soybean foaming polyurethane are recognized as eco-friendly materials to minimize carbon dioxide emissions and reduce air pollution in automotive vehicles. The Group, which has successfully applied bio-based materials to lightweighting, said on behalf of Ru-Jun, managing director of Xinda Group: 'Bio-based materials synthesize polylactic acid from sources such as corn, sugar cane and starch as degradable materials into Water and carbon dioxide. In addition, the application of plant fiber can also reduce the weight and weight. For example, the rice husk and straw can be ground into powder to be added into the material, which not only reduces the weight but also reduces the cost.
In addition to researching and developing biomaterials, Xinda also focuses on the development of 3D printing technology, which originated in the United States in the 1970s and is based on digital model files, using sticky materials such as powdered metal or plastic , Through the layer-by-layer printing method to construct the object of new molding technology.Compared with traditional technologies, 3D printing technology has the characteristics of diversification, material saving, manufacturing skills, is a subversive technology.
The global 3D printing market has a market capitalization of 2.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2013 and is expected to reach 8.6 billion U.S. dollars by 2020, with a CAGR of 20.6%. In the meantime, medical, aviation, automotive and education fields will become 3D Print the market's biggest growth point.It is understood that the global medical 3D printing market will reach 3.89 billion US dollars (about 26 billion yuan) by 2022. Market research firm Allied Market Research through a report gives the forecast, the next 5 In 2003, the auto 3D printing market will grow rapidly at a CAGR of 21.8%, reaching a global scale of USD2.39 billion by 2022.
Dai Rujun talked about 3D printing technology in the field of automotive applications, said: 'A car from the planning and design, stereotypes production, mid-term facelift to the final off the assembly line, the process needs to undergo multiple changes, verification, during this period need to be carried out Manufacturing many prototypes, the traditional method of rapid prototyping, time-consuming and costly, and the use of 3D printing technology can effectively reduce costs and shorten the development cycle.
In the vehicle design, with the combination of 3D printing technology, Dongfeng uses 3D printing technology to print the complete set of car interiors, assemble it on a prototype for professionals to review the appearance, and also open to the auto show for audiences to view and collect the audience For use in the later design optimization reference.Jele car made using 3D printing technology HVAC assembly and air duct assembly, a comprehensive test air-conditioning system, the size of the air volume, the rationality of non-air volume, air defroster outlet direction of wind speed Of the accuracy of 3D printing technology in addition to the design phase, the manufacture of prototypes, the car can be directly produced exterior parts, interior parts, features, such as the Peugeot Fractal concept car in the car using a large number of 3D printed parts ...
As a professional engaged in research and development of polymer composites production and marketing enterprises, Xinda's industrial planning is to create China's automotive polymer composite materials production and sales first; in addition to innovative biodegradable materials to build from lactide, polylactic acid to composite lactic acid The most complete industrial chain, the Chinese industry first in production and marketing; but also to achieve innovative varieties of 3D printing supplies the most complete variety of materials, the domestic industry sales volume first.