December 1 is World AIDS Day. This year's theme is "Sharing Responsibility for AIDS Prevention, Sharing Health Rights and Building Healthy China."
What is AIDS?
AIDS, a zoonotic disease caused by the infection of the HIV virus, is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, targeting the most important T4 lymphoid tissue in the body's immune system and damaging its body of T4 lymphoid tissue , Resulting in high-fatal internal failure.HIV itself does not cause any disease, but when the immune system is destroyed by HIV, the body due to low resistance, loss of immune cell replication opportunities and other diseases lead to a variety of The disease died of multiple infections.
AIDS through which channels?
HIV is mainly found in the blood, semen, vaginal secretions and milk of people living with HIV and is mainly transmitted to healthy people through three routes:
Blood transmission Direct blood-borne transmission, including sharing injection tools used by infected people, is a high-risk population for this route.
Sexual transmission: Unprotected sex with people living with HIV, including homosexual, heterosexual and bisexual sexual contacts, of which women are more susceptible than men.
3. Mother to child transmission: HIV-infected mothers transmit HIV to the fetus or infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
How long can AIDS still survive?
An AIDS patient from infection to death, generally can have three developmental stages.
Acute infection period: Generally occurs 2-6 weeks after infection, symptoms like cold, can quickly heal .At this time can detect HIV antigens, but no detectable HIV antibodies.
Asymptomatic infection (incubation period): This period of incubation has been a period of incubation since it became HIV-infected and develops into an AIDS patient. Individuals vary widely in length from as little as one year to as long as 15 years, an average of 5-7 years.
AIDS onset: When the immune system in a person infected with HIV is severely damaged and can not maintain the lowest disease-resistant capacity, many symptoms that are difficult to cure emerge and become AIDS patients, and those who become AIDS patients usually die within six months to two years.
What are the early symptoms of AIDS?
1. Oral Candida infection: Commonly known as thrush, thrush is the most common opportunistic AIDS infection, also known as icing disease.
2. Rapid weight loss: Rapid weight loss is a common problem after HIV infection, and if you lose weight, rapid weight loss is a serious problem.
3. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is one of the most annoying symptoms of AIDS because diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, and opportunistic infections with the intestine can cause diarrhea.
4. Fat metabolism and lactic acidosis: Side effects of AIDS drugs is no secret, the side effects of drugs is fat metabolism disorders.After taking AIDS drugs for some time, in addition to the typical symptoms of nausea, diarrhea and other symptoms, and slowly, the patient may have muscle pain, Fatigue, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and other symptoms, these symptoms mean that the patient is likely to have lactic acidosis.
Depression and headache: Both psychological and physical causes can lead to nervous system problems in people living with HIV, psychological stress caused by AIDS infection, and damage to brain cells by HIV.
6. Peripheral neuropathy: Peripheral neuropathy is a common symptom of HIV infection and peripheral neuropathy can cause damage to the hands, feet, mouth and lips, but this damage may not only be the result of HIV, but in most cases it is some AIDS drugs caused by the side effects.
7. Fatigue and night sweats: Infected with HIV, patients often feel tired and night sweats, usually boring, sweating at night to sleep, all of which indicates that the human body has a problem.
Rash Rash is one of the major symptoms of early AIDS infection.
9. Lymphadenopathy: Diameter of 0.5cm or more, slowly increasing, tough, sliding round hard core to the neck of the most common.
How to prevent AIDS?
There is currently no effective vaccine against AIDS, so the most important thing is to take preventive measures by:
1. Stick to self-love, not prostitution, prostitution, to avoid premarital, extra-marital sex.
2. Do not use drugs, do not share syringes with others.
3. Do not arbitrarily transfusion and use of blood products, to be used under the guidance of a doctor.
4. Do not borrow or share toothbrushes, razors, shavers and other personal items.
5. The use of condoms is one of the most effective ways to prevent STDs and AIDS in the sex life.
6. To avoid direct contact with AIDS patients blood, semen, milk and urine, cut off the route of transmission.
AIDS wondering what to do check?
1. Immune function tests: mainly in moderate and severe cellular immune deficiency, including depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased significantly, CD4<200/μl, CD4/CD8<1.0, (正常人为1.25~ 2.1) , 迟发型变态反应皮试阴性, 有丝分裂原刺激反应低下, NK细胞活性下降.
2. Pathogens for various pathogenic infections: For example, the histopathological examination of related pathogens and malignancies is detected by PCR.
3.HIV antibody detection: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gelatin particle agglutination test, immunofluorescence assay, Western blot detection, radioimmunoprecipitation, etc., of which the first three commonly used in screening tests, the latter two for the confirmation test .
4.PCR detection of HIV virus technology.
