CCTV news: Autumn Harvest autumn this year has come to an end .Every year this time, the burning of crop straw has been the focus of attention.In recent years, all local governments have introduced a rigorous ban on burning, but the reporter learned from the Ministry of Environmental Protection Satellite Environment Application Center To, satellite remote sensing monitoring data show that this year's straw burning situation in general is still grim, especially in Northeast China have risen sharply.
From September 20, 2017 to November 15, the Ministry of Environmental Protection Satellite Environment Application Center monitored a total of 3,638 straw burning fire spots nationwide, an increase of about 73% over the same period of last year. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the surrounding areas were under high-pressure burning In the policy, the number of found fires dropped, with Shandong Province decreasing by about 82%, Shanxi Province by about 66% and Henan Province by a fire point being undetected, but the situation in Northeast China has become more The more severe the Heilongjiang Province detected fire points increased by about 41%, while Jilin Province is an increase of 783%.
Zhang Lijuan, Senior Engineer, Atmospheric Remote Sensing Department, Ministry of Environmental Protection Satellite Environment Application Center: From the fire monitoring report on November 2, mainly Heilongjiang, 164 fire points in Heilongjiang, 17 fire points in Jilin, and then some in Shanxi, Anhui and Inner Mongolia respectively Sporadic fire point.
According to experts, incineration of straw produces pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which will pollute the atmosphere under unfavorable diffusion conditions. Unlike coal-fired boiler chimneys up to a hundred meters, straw burning generally affects low-level air, In order to solve this problem, Harbin Municipality demanded that farmers in the land plots should be dealt with in accordance with the law in the event of a burning point of straw burning in Jilin Province. Individuals who do not listen to and discourage or expose straw to the open air shall be prosecuted according to Public security management of the relevant provisions of the law and order penalties; lead to serious consequences constitute a crime, according to law be held criminally responsible .But such a strict ban has not been able to prevent straw burning .In late October, Harbin City for many days air pollution index reached a serious pollution level. On November 3, the three cities of Harbin, Daqing and Suihua had to start the joint prevention and control work on air pollution and jointly promote the comprehensive utilization of straw and forbidding burning.
Straw decomposition is difficult to leave the field processing is the trend
Incineration of straw on the environment caused serious pollution.However, how to use the straw without burning, many people first thought of is broken down in the field.This approach to a certain extent indeed solve the problem of air pollution, but the reporter found that The long-term high-frequency straw return to agriculture has also had some adverse effects on agricultural production itself.
At present, the annual output of all types of straw in China is about 1 billion tons, of which wheat and corn straw constitute the major part.With the comprehensive utilization of straw, the average utilization rate of straw in our country has reached 70%, but half of them take Crushed back to the field to use the way, but each year a large number of straw directly back to the field, in fact, it is difficult to decompose all.
Shiwei Village, Andu Township, Weihui City, Henan Province, China: We have been returning straw for more than ten years. This is the wheat straw from the previous season. It has not decayed this year and has been covered by a layer. Now we have it below.
Weihui City, Henan Province, corn just finished closing, followed by winter wheat sowing down the reporter walked in the fields, see the soil scattered in a large number of corn stalks, germination of wheat seedlings have also been affected.
Wu Qinggui, Anping Township, Weihui City, Henan Province: There are too many stalks of corn in this place. If you look at the wheat seeds here, it will not germinate.
Reporter: This straw can be corrupted a year?
Wu Qinggui: one year can not afford to decay, it has to return to the field every year, two seasons a year it.
Some peasants told reporters that after years of returning to the soil, the thickness of the soil layer, which is heavily doped with crop stalks, has generally reached 40 centimeters. In the past, only 20 kilograms of wheat seeds had to be sprinkled on an acre of land, and 34 to 40 jin In addition, in order to kill the eggs attached to straw and speed up the decomposition process, it is also necessary to increase the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which is not only not conducive to soil improvement, but also an additional burden on farmers.
Hengshui City, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, the village of Song Guhe Village: down an acre of land this year, planting two seasons, dropping five hundred dollars is not bad.When harvesting straw stalk spent seven or eight dollars, the mu Not only the ground, your seed fertilizer have (count) go in ah.
Reporter: Do you think this can continue?
Wuqiang County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, Song Guhe village: do not earn money not kind of chant, you kind of half-day money who also kind of ah.
Agricultural experts believe that straw returning to the natural circulation of material is the way, but China's agricultural production is already a large-scale commercialization of the industry, so every year a large number of crop straws in order to complete a one-time decomposition, relying solely on the ability of the natural decomposition of land Is not enough.If you want to dispose of these excessive straw, but also need to find alternatives.
Comprehensive utilization of straw to keep up the large-scale collection
Experts also said that the collection of straw for industrial processing should be the future focus of development in recent years for straw from the use of the field, all over the country are also trying new ways.But reporters also found in the survey, want to allow these processing The way to truly translate into productivity, there are still some problems to be solved.
Public Security County, Hubei Province, this eco-board Co., Ltd. specializes in the production of construction straw sheet metal. After sizing, high temperature and other processes to create a man-made board strength, formaldehyde-free. In the past, the company's straw raw materials Mainly rely on the peasants spontaneous collection and delivery to the acquisition site, the purchase price of a ton of straw is 260. However, due to the fluffy texture of crop straw, low added value, higher transportation costs, making part of the enthusiasm for collecting farmers is not high, the amount of straw collected No protection.
Zhang Ping Town, Hubei Province Public Security Bureau straw recycle bin Zhao Ping: before the harvest to be dried ah, to be tied, to rain, quite a few details.
Villagers in Yan Rong Village, Zhangzhuangpu Town, Public Security Bureau, Hubei Province: There are a lot of people who are not willing to do this. It is not worthwhile for us, like our old age, to engage in these things again. Just like my day, So a hundred dollars.
In order to increase the efficiency of the front-end collection and storage, the company is organizing straw harvesting teams in some villages and towns in Gong'an County, where enterprises provide specialized harvesting and baling machines to collect straw for free and save farmers' labor.
A chemical plant in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, the use of corn stalks to produce biomass-based fertilizer technology has also been put into operation.Stressed straw was compressed into particles, sent to a specially developed anaerobic carbonization furnace for processing, generated Biomass charcoal is a good material for making fertilizers.
However, at present, the biggest problem the company faces in expanding its production is raw material collection, which has greatly reduced the efficiency of the front-end collection and storage and has virtually increased the cost of land use in some rural areas.
Niu Wenyong, Department of Technology, Biomass New Materials Co., Ltd .: We have a lot of responsibility and we are not good at mechanization. (Best) Take it together. .
Pan Genxing, chief professor of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Eco-Environment at Nanjing Agricultural University: In terms of industrialized production, decentralized management has become a large-scale centralized utilization. This contradiction requires our government to guide it to solve it.
In addition, the experts also suggested that the establishment of a professional straw collection team should be encouraged to collect the crops across different regions in accordance with the harvest time of different regions so as to further reduce the cost of straw collection and promote the expansion of the scale of the straw processing industry.
Straw from the field to use is a comprehensive issue
On the one hand, peasants have to deal with the headache of straw. On the other hand, the straw processing enterprises are facing the problem of straw collection. Therefore, to ban burning straw is not only an environmental issue, but it is actually a matter that needs to be met seriously Industrial issues Now it seems that how to prevent farmers from increasing the additional burden caused by straw and letting enterprises collect straw with higher efficiency and lower cost are the keys to the rapid and healthy development of this industry. Well this issue requires relevant departments are brainy ways.