The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that strengthening the application of basic research, expanding the implementation of major national science and technology projects, highlighting key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies and disruptive technological innovations, of which 'disruptive technologies' have drawn much attention. Disruptive technologies? What disruptive technological innovations in our country are among the highest in the world? How will they affect the economic and social development of our country and the world? How can we respond to the tremendous changes brought by these technological innovations? We will launch today Series of reports, bringing you to the disruptive technology - Editor
Not long ago, IEDRO's Artificial Intelligence Robot - XFI aided by a high score passed the 2017 clinical physician comprehensive written test.Remember the victory over the world Go chess championship Alpha dog, all this has led to the public on the artificial Will the artificial intelligence be able to 'crush' human beings? What changes will it bring to human society? Can China enter the world in the field of artificial intelligence and technological revolution?
Around these hot topics, the reporter interviewed the relevant experts.
There are limits to the development of artificial intelligence, but there is still a long way to go
"Artificial Intelligence is not a new topic," said Song Jiqiang, dean of the Intel China Research Institute, which has had two waves of development as early as the 1960s and 1980s. "The rise of artificial intelligence boom stems from academic The world of algorithm breakthrough - deep learning, that is, a machine learning algorithm using multi-layer neural network.In 2005, 2006, there are some comparatively formed deep learning algorithm used in cartographic recognition and large-scale task processing; in 2008, The large Image Database came into being and provides a good foundation for end-to-end training that is required for deep learning. In 2012, computational power has allowed scientists to train larger deep neural networks in two to three weeks The training that used to take a few months was even shortened to 1 day.
Song Jiqiang said that since 2012, Chinese research institutes and enterprises have made many breakthroughs in artificial intelligence.'China is relatively weak in terms of the original innovation algorithm, but it is better at rapid iteration and scale, so it can come from behind. In the two years of international related events, the top three were basically taken over by the Chinese team.
Technically speaking, artificial intelligence is usually divided into three phases, computational intelligence, perceived intelligence and cognitive intelligence. "IUCN Research Institute Dean Hu Guoping said that in terms of computational intelligence, the machine has surpassed humanity absolutely. Perception intelligence means letting the computer 'listen (look)' and perceiving intelligence can basically be compared with people, and even exceed human in special tasks such as medical imaging reading. Cognitive intelligence refers to the understanding, reasoning, Application, nearly a year or two, the leading artificial intelligence enterprises at home and abroad are mainly doing research in this area, the current capacity of the machine in reading comprehension is close to humans.
In this way, will artificial intelligence completely exceed humanity soon?
The answer given by the experts is no.
'The development of artificial intelligence is indeed unlimited, but all science and technology, including artificial intelligence, its development is non-linear, will not be along a straight line forever fast.' Wang Fei Yue, vice president and secretary general of the Chinese Association of Automation, It has been a long time since many science and technology developed to a certain degree that they will suffer a bottleneck - the story of anecdotal twists and turns of artificial intelligence illustrates this point.
Wangfei Yue said that so far, there is no universal artificial intelligence technology, all artificial intelligence applications are limited to a specific scene, but can not be 'all-you-can-eat'. '' For example, although the next chess is a high IQ activity Its rules are simple, fixed and closed.Human behavior and social life are complex and changeable, and can not be summarized and described by simple rules.At present, the development phase of artificial intelligence is equivalent to the steam train running 5 kilometers per hour at that time, There is still a long way to catch up with the superhuman brain. '
'To recognize the broad prospects of artificial intelligence, but do not over-hyped, should be rational view, otherwise the boom will become cold.' Song Ji-Qiang said the past two waves of artificial intelligence boom is basically 'hot five years, cold ten years 'And industry hopes that this wave will last for 30 years, which will last until around 2045.' If we think of these 30 years as a marathon, artificial intelligence has just started. '
Artificial intelligence will replace many positions, but will also create many new positions
Experts point out that the impact artificial intelligence has on human society will be comprehensive and will make our life more and more beautiful.
Artificial intelligence can handle simple, repetitive tasks. "Now that we have developed voice input methods and Chinese-English translators that are rapidly gaining popularity, speech recognition technology can turn words into words in real time, with an accuracy rate of over 98%." Liu Qingfeng, Chairman of the Flying Group, said: "As long as it is a simple and repetitive skill, and by learning and training skills that can be acquired and do not require talent, artificial intelligence can completely replace human beings."
Artificial Intelligence can significantly improve the efficiency of human work.Shijie Qiang, for example, had to rely on artificial to identify, review pictures and video, heavy workload, slow, and now can be completely handed over to the machine.It can quickly filter out most of the useless Information, manpower savings and time savings. "Using foreign applications as an example, data from the National Center for Missing Persons and Prostitution (NCMEC) show that in 2016 a total of 8.2 million reports of abuse pictures, online seduction, trafficking and harassment were received Based on Intel's AI technology, the center can quickly scan sites containing suspicious content for quick querying and sharing of data, reducing the turnaround time for handling reports over the past 30 days to 1 to 2 days. For missing and persecuted children This savings of more than 20 days is simply a lifetime.
Artificial intelligence can expand human perception. 'Human senses only ears, eyes, nose, mouth, etc., artificial intelligence can be extended to extend human perception and mobility.' Song Jiqiang said, 'a few people are born with hearing impairment, visual Obstacles, etc., artificial intelligence can make up for these shortcomings. '
Artificial Intelligence can also help humans explore new and unknown areas. "How the human brain learns continuously, accumulates knowledge, how people generate emotions and awareness are not known at the moment, and with advanced algorithms, rapid analysis combined with data Compared with the cross-sector comprehensive comparison, it is expected to explore the human cognitive and spiritual aspects. "Song Jiqiang said that in the future, mankind can also use artificial intelligence to explore the vast universe and the deep ocean.
What happens to people who have been replaced by artificial intelligence?
'In fact, you do not have to worry about it,' said Wang Feiyue, although artificial intelligence will replace some of the jobs, but it will create new jobs. 'For example, the map APP installed on mobile phones, it seems deprived of carrying equipment for field measurements, But it also created new jobs: taking pictures of the car, software maintenance, etc. The people who make the maps are actually a lot more than the original ones, but they work in different ways.
'Studies show that machines that can never be replaced by those who need to communicate social and creative work, and that artificial intelligence can liberate humankind from monotonous labor and people can do more fun and creative things,' said Liu Qingfeng, We need to change the confrontational thinking of human beings and artificial intelligence PKs, establish new thinking of man-machine coupling, and use artificial intelligence to do things we can not do before and can not be expected. "
As long as we stick to the principle of "indomitable demeanor" and push forward solidly, the development of artificial intelligence in our country is expected to come to the conclusion of the first two artificial intelligence upsurges in China.
The answers given by interviewed experts are highly consistent: it is entirely possible.
Wang Feiyue, Liu Qingfeng and Hu Guoping believe that at present, China and the United States have simultaneously entered a 'no man's land' in the field of artificial intelligence, while China has more advantages than the United States in institutional arrangements, industrial applications, data sharing and public acceptance, Can come from behind.
Song Jiqiang also believes that although the United States and Europe are more original innovators such as deep learning, the Chinese team excels in following up comprehension and transformation applications and is good at actual dataset testing and large-scale computer cluster training .
Four experts pointed out that the United States and Europe are currently leaders in the ground science, original technology innovation and existing artificial intelligence talent. "Currently, 70% of the artificial intelligence engineers are concentrated in the United States and Europe, accounting for only China About 1/10, few have 10 years of work experience. "Song Qijiang said.
Therefore, we have always insisted on being "top-neutral." Liu Qing-feng said that the "top sky" means that we must aim at the frontier and work hard on the original innovation; and "stand on the ground" means that we should use the earthly atmosphere in our application, push forward relevant technologies in a down-to-earth manner, Continuous R & D and popularization of products. 'We hope the country can make greater efforts to promote the cooperation between industry, universities and research institutes more efficiently and create a good ecological environment for artificial intelligence industry.'
'Science is without borders and technology is without borders and behind closed doors can lead to self-esteem.' "Song Ji-qiang said that China needs an international perspective in its development of artificial intelligence and should work in an open-minded manner in a joint state-backed enterprise with strong cooperation and innovation to complement each other's strengths.
Extend reading
The cool application of artificial intelligence to help doctors see the film
The use of artificial intelligence to help doctors identify medical images is a new technology developed by many AI companies in recent years.In the global pulmonary nodule test held in August this year, artificial intelligence needs to identify the lung CT samples and find the lungs Nodules. "Medical Imaging Assistant Diagnostic System" released by IDF, set a new record in the world with a reading rate of 94.1%.
To help pick the courier brother
This year's 'Double 11' is exceptionally green and intelligent. Many domestic electrical and courier companies deploy artificial intelligence in the field of logistics, equipped with intelligent robots for sorting by express delivery, and some robots can only work for a few hours after charging for a few minutes. The robot can recognize the courier's face sheet information and then design the optimal route for sorting.
Easily recognize faces
Checkout do not have to pay the wallet, security do not have to take ID card, go home without looking for a key ... ... All this can be 'brush face' solution. This liberation hands rely on artificial intelligence face recognition technology. Face software face recognition accuracy has been far more than the naked eye, to overcome the light, facial expressions, make-up, age and even plastic surgery technical barriers, even twins can easily identify.