The proportion of human life in cities has increased substantially over the past few decades and will grow steadily, with only 3-4% of the population living in cities in 1800 but rising to about 30% by 1950. According to the United Nations And the World Health Organization predicts that this figure will more than double to 66% by 2050 while the rural population continues to decline, while India will increase its population by 400 million people at an alarming rate, adding that China will increase by nearly 300 million.
These projected higher population densities will put tremendous pressure on limited available resources (water, energy, food, sanitation, etc.), make road traffic more crowded, and have a more loaded communication network and impact on the local environment The need to consider air, water and noise pollution) poses a serious challenge to municipal governance, utility companies, and many other service providers, the most pronounced in so-called mega-cities, which have more than 10 million inhabitants. (Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai, Mumbai and São Paulo are the largest cities). Ten cities are expected to be in the list by 2030 (including Johannesburg, Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City, etc.).
The application of IoT technology has become inevitable and fundamental, and not just driving forces to improve the way we live and work. We hope that modern society will be able to deal with the many problems that city dwellers face as these cities expand Is bound to be even more pronounced: The metropolitan area's vast array of data continuously monitored by the cloud-connected sensors deployed in the state of Barre will be a savior that offers a range of different services and features, some new, Some are improvements to existing services that cities can take to address the problems posed by the large number of people living in the future while meeting the desire of people to improve their quality of life.
Old city infrastructure Old and new technology is not simple
The so-called smart cities are divided into two different types of development: new breakthroughs from scratch such as India's Dholera, Songdo in South Korea, Masda in the United Arab Emirates and China's Meixi, where the most ambitious mega-projects are already under way or nearing completion, and the other is adding smart features to existing cities.
Opening up new cities can deploy the necessary technologies from scratch, making it easier for smart city buildings to be drastically implemented and how the deployment has been taken into account in the future. Most technologies can be incorporated into urban dwellers prior to their entry into the city. While these new cities will serve as Science and technology showcase cities, but its population actually accounts for only a fraction of the world's metropolitan population.
It is unrealistic to relocate a large number of existing urban households in the city, such as New York, London or Manila, for many generations, causing too much turmoil. The vast majority of smart technologies that are to be deployed in urban areas will occur most In older big cities, the challenge is greater because of the old infrastructure involved, so that, at least initially, the old and the new technologies need to be interdependent, this is a major concern for smart city consolidation and collaboration.
Therefore, while older mega-cities may benefit most from smart technologies, they spend a particularly long time learning to fully utilize new technologies, and in many cases learning from newer, smaller-scale operations may first be followed by First, select some specific areas to attract attention, and then follow the trend in other regions.This approach itself has problems, may lead to the implementation of the area with the actual implementation of the region between the greater number of drops.
Figure 1 complements the existing communications infrastructure with more elements
Obvious opportunities for profit Intelligent parking commercial fast
The new IoT-based hardware needs to be cost-effective from the point of view of operations and infrastructure: for example, wireless communications make things much simpler, while wired communications bring about cabling However, there may also be reliability issues that require adding backup to the system (which will raise some costs but may still save you a considerable amount of money).
The first wave of technology to build smart cities has come into use, as smart measurement is already quite common in many Western economies, and the growing popularity of home and building automation may be the next phase where additional capabilities come into play, such as monitoring agriculture and domestic water Allocate city reserves) and smart lighting (the lighting position will be adjusted based on the time of day and the time of year).
In addition, IoT sensor nodes can be used for preventive maintenance: checking temperature distribution, pressure levels or building molds, bridges, buildings, roads, etc. It also ensures better care for the elderly and the infirm, providing hospital beds available throughout the city Information, or where and when there are special treatment equipment. Infinite possibilities. The question is when these situations will come true?
Some scenarios expected a few years ago have not come to an end yet, and one hypothesis has gained much media attention: large-scale deployment of smart grid technologies.
However, there are still very few areas at hand, and the high financial expenditure associated with this seems to be hindering the progress of the development of the Internet of Things in some areas, which may require political forces to push behind one another. Legislation can be adopted to set guidelines for towns and cities in various cities A clear path of development, or attractive mechanisms to encourage innovation (such as tax credits), mostly follow the previous approach to installing solar photovoltaics.
In some cases, instead of municipals or utilities, the actions of commercial companies will be more likely to achieve the ultimate goal of a technologically advanced city. Using intelligent parking systems to get office workers to find parking is a good example. Profit opportunities can be used to promote smart city progress.
Maximize the cost of installation Sensor function more diverse
The key to the IoT implementation is to be able to get meaningful data from the environment Back to Smart Lighting Examples The light measured with photodiodes and the local weather conditions can be used to determine when a street light in a certain area should be on Or off. By adding a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to the system, you can react directly to the time when no one is moving in the street (turn off the lights to save energy when not needed).
Almost all industry experts agree that sensor fusion will play an important role.If it takes time and effort to install the sensor in a particular place, it is best to have multiple devices that perform different functions (even if some functions are not available immediately) There is indeed a higher initial cost of additional installation, but in the long run it will prove that this investment will effectively save on incremental labor costs and, of course, the benefits and cost savings of additional services.
There may also be opportunities to share, analyze and cross-link data from different sensors - for example, images taken by road-management cameras used in traffic monitoring may be valuable for monitoring / safety tasks, as well as machine learning Prospects - Systems not only collect data but also develop intelligence over time Compile profiles to improve service efficiency In the case of apartments, for example, management companies can use the data obtained from different locations to provide better overall service, which may also Used to speed up emergency service response.
Versatility and cost-effectiveness will form the basis for IoT initiatives in Smart Cities in coming years, so semiconductor suppliers need to be able to provide basic building block support, a high-performance, energy-efficient component that covers a range of different sensor functions , And by the excellent connectivity support.