Relatively self-driving, a management message that is less likely to attract the attention of our relevant industries was issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in its update in October 2016.
At first glance, this regime may only apply to aircraft flying in the United States airspace, but in fact this update can be used to look at how the FAA's approach to airborne vehicle management will be introduced in 2020. The main lines of this guideline are: Legislation stipulates that all airlines flying over the vast majority of North America and the Gulf of Mexico (mainly those carrying manned aircraft and flying in Class A / B / C airspace in the United States) will fly after January 2020 Install the ADS-B device.
ADS-B technology has long been the high adoption rate of the aviation industry
ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) is a broadcast automatic return surveillance system, as a flight management approach and security technology and equipment to provide integrated communications, navigation, surveillance and other concepts, so that flight safety more comprehensive and accurate and reliable.
Addition of the ADS-B unit to an aircraft is a benefit not only to the application but also to the regulated safety management of the aircraft. Taking JetBlue and United Airlines as an example, the flight efficiency can be greatly improved after installation ADS-B flight shortest route, reducing fuel use, reduce air traffic delays, save passengers time, but also save the aircraft's overall operating costs.
The installation of the ADS-B unit can also be combined with other systems such as ASDE-X and ASSC systems to enable more functions in airport operations, Such as tracking the movement of aircraft and ground-based vehicles, reducing airport runway conflicts, etc. Therefore, with ASDE-X and ASSC, pilots equipped with ADS-B aircraft will be able to clearly see information such as aircraft and vehicles on the ground of the airport.
The FAA encourages aircraft in the United States to have ADS-B installed as early as 2020, with a $ 500 incentive package starting September 2016 to assist with ADS-B installation costs and reissue the promotional document in July 2017.
In fact, ADS-B devices have been observed in the current market, and the number of ADS-B out devices and ADS-B in devices approved by the FAA in the United States is not large enough (belonging to the niche market). For ADS-B suppliers, However, not too many manufacturers in the group, Garmin, Airborne experience far to provide the most models.
The cheapest ADS-B Out device on the market today was offered by FreeFlight System for just $ 1,995; the lightest ADS-B device in the market is based on uAvionix's ping1090, the smallest dual-link ADS- B transceiver, the product is only 20 grams, have the opportunity to become small and medium-sized UAV can be used in product solutions.
If air traffic management is to be applied to small and medium-sized UAVs with a flight weight of up to 25 kg, the weight design of the air traffic control devices will become a product feature. In terms of the installation of the drone, DJI, The commercial Matrice 200 (M200) UAV launched in January has built-in ADS-B receivers for air traffic information and improved airspace safety.
After a century of vigorous development of manned aircraft and the existence of well-established and sophisticated international aviation flight management practices or practices around the world, the manned aircraft still continues to be refined and adjusted. Therefore, the installation of ADS-B for the aviation industry In terms of not counting the new technology is not new concept, and ADS-B is mainly designed for the requirements of large-scale high-speed high-altitude manned aircraft (high performance aircraft), the installation ratio is already quite high.
ADS-B can be a model for all types or import
Relevant ADS-B transceiver technologies are still evolving and the technology and service contents of the devices are still changing. However, when ATM and security supervision are imperative, compulsory legal means to require full access are foreseen. For example, The FAA of the United States has confirmed that it will require a mandatory installation in January 2020.
By the same token, in the face of the rapid development of new unmanned vehicles, self-driving vehicles and even public and private transport services such as local public bicycles or rental vehicles sharing electric vehicles and counterbalanced vehicles, it is bound to As in the United States in 2020, manned aircraft generally require more advanced and appropriate management techniques and approaches, which are also the new management opportunities discussed in this article.
ADS-B is automatically broadcast, take the initiative to send the aircraft's call sign code, type, location, height, speed, heading and other information to the ground control station or adjacent to other aircraft known management mechanism .But there are still some omissions There will be no flight accident at Malaysia Airlines MH370 and so far the failure to confirm the location of the accident will occur. Therefore, some advanced countries are also considering the deployment of more low-altitude satellites to carry out tracking management of vehicles equipped with ADS-B from space to avoid In the event of a horse-like airline crash, the entire aircraft disappeared without any trace. Such flight management and safety supervision not only the United States and Canada want to operate in full scale in 2020, it is hypothesized that other countries will also follow up the U.S. plan 2020 implementation milestone.
In particular, there will be more emerging land, sea and air-borne developments in the future, such as the ADS-B management technology or business needs, which is expected to emerge just for ADS-B technology or devices that System costs, functional purposes, device size and weight may not necessarily apply to emerging UAVs, or to the jungles in the city, self-driving bicycles, bicycles, etc. There are other opportunities for development of different management systems.
Unmanned vehicle management led LPWAN / management system business opportunities
From the 2020 ADS-B implementation message, we can broaden our thinking about future unmanned vehicle safety supervision that may be needed by all local governments in various countries and business management of civilian-operated camping tools and become an emerging opportunity or layout direction for our industry in the future .
Here are two possible new business opportunities for reference:
LPWAN communication module
Basically, one or more sets of wafer modules need to be installed on each of the mobile vehicles that are to be supervised or managed, such as unmanned aerial vehicles or public bicycles, and if the vehicle is to be sold globally, it must be installed or Dressup meets the certification module in different regions of the specification.
And because these modules, which require electricity either unidirectionally or bidirectionally, are a power load on small drones or bicycles and so low-power wide area network (LPWAN) communication solutions have the chance to be the first choice. , Almost all mobile power vehicles will have a certain loss and damage, vehicle replacement or new purchase, will also increase the demand for communication modules.
Management system to build / transport business opportunities
Emerging unmanned vehicles or manned mobile vehicles are mostly sub-national or local applications, as they are mostly medium- and short-range (and not cross-border) operations and this will lead to the emergence of countries, even Different local governments adopt different technical standards and management solutions.When different countries or different local governments or different service providers can operate on different carriers by themselves and choose different management systems and different methods of information collection, In the system to provide such as integration and integration, there is more tailor-made value-added service space.
The ADS-B is a management technology that incorporates sensors on mobile vehicles and has the ability to receive and transmit communications, providing accurate traffic safety information to other carriers, local managers or service operators in the immediate vicinity And surveillance management, technology is quite mature and stable; but for low-altitude UAVs or walking surface self-driving, bicycles, etc., do not necessarily need to use high-end, such as ADS-B for the United States flight management, and emerging business, There are also other technology platforms to choose from, such as 3G, 4G, LoRa, and so on, depending on local colors, local interests, or even national interests.
3G, 4G (or even future 5G) base stations, most of the countries, most have been built in the vast majority of people active in the area so unmanned vehicle management compatible with 3G / 4G / 5G, It is simpler and less expensive in infrastructure construction, so there is no need to build a new base station for the management of small unmanned vehicles. However, it is not necessarily suitable for the management of unmanned vehicles because of the current 3G / 4G bandwidth technologies and charging modes Will make many drone weight, power consumption, and generate additional communications costs.
With emerging low-power long-range communication technologies such as LoRa, new infrastructure stations need to be deployed on the infrastructure. For example, LoRa needs to set up a transmission base station every 15 to 20 kilometers in order to achieve adequate signal coverage.
In Taipei, it is estimated that 12 LoRa base stations will cover all of Taipei. However, its technical features can achieve wide-area management at low power consumption. Not only does it have the charm of simple technology and construction convenience for local governments, After the system is built, it can be used for many purposes. For example, it is applied to Ubike management, ring for the elderly, pet chips, and the best time for calculating logistics and distribution. It is also relatively friendly to the business applications and casual unmanned vehicle applications of the general public.