Unlike China's practice of establishing the GFW Internet Great Wall to cut off its own country from the global Internet, other former communist countries dominated by Russia used a set of tools called SORM (this is an abbreviation for Russian, meaning investigation and action system) Mechanism; GFW is set to hinder domestic users access to overseas network information, SORM is a comprehensive monitoring of all Internet users of all Internet communications. SORM triangle by the FSB, ISP, SORM technology solutions provider. FSB is the Russian Federation The abbreviation of the Security Bureau, formerly known as KGB in the Soviet era, although now the task of the FSB is to protect national security and anti-terrorism, but in fact is to monitor the Internet behavior of all Internet users.The tripartite correlation is FSB funded SORM technology to provide Who developed the device and created the monitoring server on the FSB. Then all ISP companies must obtain the SORM monitoring device from the SORM technology provider and configure it in their own company to do all the domestic phone calls, mobile phones and Internet packets Comprehensive monitoring.
If you want to say, anyway, my computer or mobile phone use encryption, then SORM Mozhe of course, FSB is not so stupid, from 2016 onwards, all sales of computers in Russia, 3C mobile phones and other hardware products must be implanted Special hardware chips; communication software, social networking sites in Russia (eg Facebook, Twitter, ICQ), etc., must also be included in a monitored background to obtain a license to be sold or shelved in Russia, or else Illegal devices will be fined by the government, and overseas websites that are unwilling to cooperate may be blocked in Russia at any time (for example, the Russian Wikipedia is often blocked by only one page).
Under such a network, of course, all electronic communication devices are transparent to the FSB. For example, when a mobile phone conversation is heard and criticized by the ruling party, it can trace the phone's IMSI and IMEI code to know who the user is, and even Knowing the location; when using a website, connecting to sites like gmail.com, yahoo.com, hotbox.ru, https, the encryption mechanism is not valid because your device was first looked at by FSB before encrypting the message, and ISPs Totally can not trust
Further, you may want to say that you want to monitor, not to have a court to vote? However, Russian President Putin signed in 2016 Yalovaya (Irina Yarovaya) 'Big Brother' anti-terrorism law, the law requires that each telecommunications Companies, ISPs must keep all communication records for 6 months, all original data have to be kept for 3 years, and must help intelligence units decode encrypted messages, most importantly, all without a court order as long as FSB suspects who is' Terrorists' to listen to the people arbitrarily, making it very difficult for Russia's opposition parties and political dissidents.
SORM, a mechanism that clamps down on freedom of speech, may all be said to be President Putin's. Actually, SORM started its development in 1995 and so far has gone through three generations:
The first generation of SORMs was launched in 1995 to intercept telephone (analog) signals and mobile network signals. The second generation of SORMs was launched in 1998 for Internet communications and also includes VOIP phones. In addition, legendary credit card transactions are conducted at The third generation of SORMs: Developed in 2014 to provide long-term storage records (including satellite positioning, recording, etc.) for all forms of communications. The Russian president of 1995 was Yeltsin, is not it Very unexpected? Yeltsin then let the communist Soviet Union disintegrate, may make one moment that Russia entered the forest of democracies in this connection, it is not true, the newly formed state of the Russian Federation into a system of maximizing the power of the president, the Soviet era KGB SORM was developed after the transition to FSB. Is not it ironic that Erkin ended the ultra-left communist dictatorship and turned Russia into the far right authoritarian state that SORM might have been designed to listen to, but now it has changed Even more intriguing is the authority of the authoritarian government to "handle" the dissidents. Currently, the incumbent, Putin, has also been the FSB director.
In addition, apart from Russia, many other former communist dictatorships that were independent during the Soviet Union's dissolution also had their own SORMs such as Belarus, Tajikistan and the Republic of Georgia. Even more interesting was Georgia's poor relations with Russia, so their SORM was For pro-Russian elements, Ukraine also has its own SORM. It is not clear whether the Ukrainian government has continued to use SORM after the pro-Russian president was removed from power in 2014.
So if any business companies or NGOs to do business in these countries and activities, require special attention to SORM and related laws and regulations.