To upgrade traditional agriculture with advanced agricultural machinery and equipment technology, to change the mode of development and to raise the level of agricultural modernization is an objective requirement of our country's agricultural development.Agricultural mechanization plays a crucial role in the development of our country's agriculture and the demand for modern agricultural machinery for developing modern agricultural machinery More and more urgent.
Under the background of land circulation and agricultural structure adjustment in our country, the main problem is "who will plant the land" and "how to plant it well", and the potential of the socialized agricultural machinery under the new situation and new demand is huge. The digitalization, informationization, automation and Precision farming under the intelligent aggregation technology more and more play an irreplaceable role as a modern agricultural management and precision agriculture driving force.
From the 70s of last century, foreign advanced agricultural machinery and equipment have been integrated with modern microelectronic technology, instrument and control technology, and information and communication technologies to develop rapidly in the direction of digitization, informationization, automation and intelligence.From the perspective of agricultural mechanization in the world's major developed countries Development process, the realization of agricultural mechanization must have a higher labor productivity, land productivity, require a lot of use of machinery and equipment, information technology for efficient scientific management.
At the just-concluded sixth World Agricultural Machinery Summit in Wuhan International Agricultural Machinery Exhibition in 2017, Luo Xiwen, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at South China Agricultural University, pointed out that the significance of studying precision agriculture lies in providing people with a new understanding and improving the quality of agricultural soil, water and fertilizer , Medicine, species and other factors of production efficiency, to ensure the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and to ensure national food security, ecological security and food safety, has an epoch-making role.
The integration of Internet and agricultural mechanization has promoted the application of modern elements in agricultural mechanization, increased efficiency and reduced costs, and greatly expanded the space for agricultural mechanization. By implementing Internet + agricultural mechanization and starting from the characteristics of the Internet development, Explore the mode of development of agricultural mechanization, increase the comprehensive service function of the internet in agricultural machinery production, operation, management, operation and service, and actively promote the innovation of agricultural mechanization and precision operation mode. "Luo Xiwen said.
For many years, Luo Xiwen has been engaged in the research and development of key technologies for agricultural mechanization, research and development of key technologies for agricultural machinery and equipment, and research on the key technologies of precision agriculture In his opinion, the labor cost of growing rice in our country is too high at present. Only by vigorously promoting full mechanization and precision technology can we reduce costs , And effectively reduce soil pollution.
Take rice as an example, according to Luo Xiwen, rice is the main food crop in China, accounting for 40% of the total grain output in China, and its perennial rice planting area is about 30 million hectares. However, among the three major grain crops in China, rice production The mechanization of the lowest level.In general, the mechanization of rice production, including paddy field farming, rice cultivation, field management, rice harvest and paddy drying five areas.
'Agricultural mechanized utensils are suitable for more than 100 million mu of paddy fields in the country, including the hilly areas.Once the technologies and utensils are promoted, they can increase the yield by 10% -30% over the traditional tillage methods such as manual sowing and seedling throwing. "Luo Xiwen said that precision agricultural work equipment Can realize the whole process of land leveling, rice planting, mechanized seedling planting, precise spraying, GPS navigation automatic operation, etc. Compared with traditional agricultural machinery, precise agricultural operation equipment through navigation technology and remote sensing application realizes unmanned operation and more refined operation, Effectively reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
Precision agriculture is a modern agricultural technology system that uses modern information technology and intelligent equipment technology to finely manage the farmland according to the local spatial gridding unit. Sun Jilin, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Academic Committee of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , The essence of precision agriculture is the integration of information, agricultural machinery and agronomy. Precision agricultural machinery is to achieve 'quantitative decision-making, variable input, positioning implementation.' For example, to implement precise fertilization, we must understand the changes in spatial information through intelligent information Way to achieve agricultural precision agricultural zoning management.
The use of information technology to upgrade traditional agricultural mechanics and promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, so that the machine to adapt to the local planting system, planting habits and cultivation and management needs.Agricultural machinery operations object is the soil, animals and plants have a systematic organizational structure and biological activity of the object, At the meeting, Sun Jiu-lin believed that the complexity of agricultural production technology requires that the agricultural machinery should adapt to the time and space of agricultural production environment Changes, crop physiological and ecological changes, to take accurate and appropriate homework, inseparable from the support of information technology.
Experts from all walks of life at the meeting unanimously reached a consensus. To promote the integration of informatization and modernization of agricultural machinery, we must vigorously develop intelligent agricultural equipment, improve the technical level of mechanical and electrical integration, increase the added value of agricultural equipment and enhance the international competitiveness of the industry. At the same time, it is necessary to transform the development mode of agricultural machinery industry, enhance the informationization of agricultural machinery with information-aware equipment, sensor network, Internet and intelligent control as the core, realize the real-time monitoring and scientific regulation of agricultural machinery production management process and make the agricultural machinery speed up digitization and precision , Efficient and scientific track, prompting a profound change in the agricultural machinery industry.