October 21, the nineteenth news center held a 'agricultural science and technology innovation' collective interview. Ministry of Agriculture party members, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering Tang Huajun, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Crop Research Institute researcher, the National Wheat Improvement Center Director He Zhonghu, Research Fellow, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wei Lingling, Director of Key Laboratory of Leisure Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Deputy Director of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection Research Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Shen Yujun, Anyi County, Jiangxi Province Grain big star Ling Jihe and other five party representatives with their own work to introduce the development of agricultural science and technology, and related topics on the reporter asked.
The report of the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) stressed that we should always put the issue of solving the problem of "three rural issues" in the work of the whole party, and we must adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. 'Tang Huajun said,' agriculture and rural modernization The core and the key depends on science and technology, relying on scientific and technological innovation, relying on scientific and technological progress.
Since the 18th century, agricultural science and technology has made great progress and progress
'Today's theme is the agricultural science and technology, and we have a relationship with the food, from our daily table constantly rich, rich changes, is the rice bag, vegetable basket, fruit plate, bottle changes, you can see the changes in agricultural science and technology and progress 'Tang Huajun said.
Since the 18th century, agricultural science and technology have made great progress and progress, there are three indicators. 'Tang Huajun said that the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress last year has more than 56%; Second, the main crop farming comprehensive mechanization level of more than 65% Now the wheat basically realized the whole mechanization, rice, corn harvesting the basic realization of the mechanization; Third, the main crop seed coverage, stable in 2016 96%. Now field, horticulture has achieved a variety of breeding.
Tang Huajun said that since the 18th National Congress of Agricultural Science and Technology progress and progress, specifically summed up in three aspects: agricultural science and technology independent innovation capability to further improve the transformation of the results to further accelerate the further reform of institutional mechanisms.
In the aspects of the improvement of the independent innovation capability of agricultural science and technology, the mechanism of formation of the status quo of these genomics crops, such as rice, cucumber, silkworm, has been improved in some aspects of facilities, intelligent plant, Change the mode of agricultural production has played a significant role.In addition, the construction of conditions in the platform also has a very good development, crop genetic resources major scientific engineering, agricultural biosecurity major scientific project has been put into use; Ministry of Agriculture to key laboratory system Construction as a starting point, to increase investment, has now completed 42 integrated laboratories, the following built nearly 300 professional or regional laboratories, but also built nearly 270 experimental stations, integrated laboratories have a professional or regional Laboratory, and scientific observation test station, on this basis, the selection of more than 400 agricultural science field observation station, built a large number of data centers.
In the transformation of the results to speed up, such as the promotion of transformation system, in the past the so-called 'line break, net broken, people scattered', in the past five years has improved greatly. Team building, business building construction, condition equipment has made great progress. Focusing on the key issues in agricultural production, around the needs of the promotion, focus on the work to promote the transformation of the model mechanism is also innovative, such as 'experts + agricultural extension staff + demonstration households', and achieved good results.
In the deepening of the reform of institutional mechanisms, the Ministry of Agriculture in the modern agricultural industry technical system construction has made a creative exploration to wheat, rice, pig and other 50 major agricultural products as a unit to industry as the main line, the formation of industrial technology system, each The system has a chief scientist, the chief scientist there are a number of post scientists, there are a number of integrated test stations, forming a system, the national research institutions, universities, enterprises, are able to unite together, a product around the scientific and technological issues Play a role, and achieved very good results.In addition, in 2014, the Ministry of Agriculture began to form a number of national agricultural science and technology innovation alliance, the past few years also played a big role.
He said that the continued increase in wheat production over the past five years has played a very important role in ensuring that food production has reached a new level. Since the 18th National Congress, the national wheat breeding has made three progress: Is cutting edge technology research has made important progress, it should be said that with the most advanced technology in the country basically keep pace, and some areas may still be in the leading level.From the breeder to cultivate more than 100 through the national validation of high quality green varieties, of which There are six new varieties of annual promotion area of more than 10 million mu.Three is the northern part of North China wheat growth period from the past 4-5 times, down to now 2-3 times, water significantly reduced.
Wei Lingling representatives introduced the situation of agricultural science research and transformation of facilities, and the area of facility agriculture has grown very fast since the 18th CPC National Congress, and now the country's agricultural area has reached 4.1 million hectares and the output value is 980 billion yuan. More than 40 million jobs. 'On the one hand we focus on independent innovation and the original technology breakthrough, on the other hand is also the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, the scientific research results connected to the application unit and the farmers' last mile' to get through. The good results, to enable scientific and technological achievements to increase income to farmers.
Science and technology help the agricultural supply side structural reform and green development
In response to a reporter 'in the agricultural supply side of the structural reform, science and technology to play what kind of role' problem, Tang Hua Jun said that this year the central document on the agricultural side of the structural reform of the agricultural side to do a comprehensive deployment, mainly to solve the three One is to adapt to the needs of the market to improve the relationship between supply and demand; the second is to improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural products, increase farmers 'income; third is to promote the transformation and upgrading of production methods and improve competitiveness.' On these three areas, Side structural reform has played a very important role.
First, the development of green inputs, research, the use of speed from the pesticide, fertilizer, feed inputs work hard, the introduction of green inputs last year, pesticides have achieved zero growth, fertilizer this year can also achieve zero growth.
Second, the introduction of a series of new varieties. Now super rice quality is good, high yield, as well as rape, millet, bean, etc., the market efficiency is also very good, to promote the supply side of the structural reform played a very good role In the people continue to meet the needs of a better life.
Third, innovative technology integration. To improve the quality, the relevant do breed, engage in plant protection, cultivation, processing of the composition of a whole industry chain research team to form a green growth of the development model for different crops, different Of the varieties to promote, improve quality, improve the structure.
Speaking of green development, Shen Yujun representatives said that agricultural green development depends on the guidance of the policy, but also rely on science and technology support, so as a strong scientific and technological personnel of agricultural science and technology personnel since the 18th, our country in the quality of cultivated land, Efficiency, including the use of agricultural waste resources, environmental remediation, etc. These areas have been studied to promote a number of advanced technology model by the end of 2016, our national livestock and poultry manure utilization rate of more than 60% , The comprehensive utilization rate of straw reached more than 80%, can be said to effectively promote the green development of agriculture.
In response to a reporter 'how to promote the use of organic fertilizer' related issues, Shen Yujun representatives said that these years, especially since the 18th National Congress, the state has adopted a series of measures to promote the use of organic fertilizer. Alternative fertilizer action in the country selected 100 fruit and vegetable tea production counties and animal husbandry production counties to carry out organic fertilizer instead of fertilizer pilot.Two is the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly launched the county to promote livestock and poultry waste utilization of resources, 2020 to support more than 200 livestock and livestock counties to carry out the use of livestock and poultry waste. In addition, there are some cultivated land quality improvement projects and so on.
To further enhance the level of science and technology, to the agricultural plug in the wings of take off
In the answer to how to solve the problem of grain efficiency, he said that the main thing is six words: good seed, good law, fertile land.For farmers, good food, the food is good for food and agriculture. Varieties can greatly improve the income of the previous kind of ordinary rice per catty to sell two dollars, and now a good variety of rice can be sold 18 dollars a pound; before want to eat good rice from foreign imports, and now China's own kind of rice is more delicious , More fragrant, more nutritious, food and agriculture income has increased.
In this year's report on the construction of innovative countries, specifically for the development of innovation-driven development, in basic research, applied research and other different areas, I feel that the gap is both potential and power, we will report according to the nineteenth The spirit of the focus on the basic and the original part of the innovation to further strengthen. 'Tang Huajun said, in terms of technology to strengthen research and development, such as artificial intelligence technology in agricultural applications, deep processing of agricultural technology, and other regional technical integration also need strengthen.