Sina Technology News October 28 morning news, today 2017 future science awards ceremony cum future forum annual meeting held in Beijing in the seminar a dialogue session, the host Yang Peidong and guests Mr. Cui Yi, Mr. Jiang Lei, Mr. Zhou Yu A wonderful conversation.
The following is a dialogue record:
Yang Peidong: Because today we are talking about nanomaterials, just heard two lectures on the application of nano-materials mainly in energy, a brief review of the past few decades, the development of nanotechnology, it should be said that nanotechnology from The last century was about the beginning of the 1980s when it began to grow, in this process, there were quantum dots, the earliest being the invention of quantum dots, and then the quantum dots as a discipline, a field, a very large field, after the quantum dots, Followed by a series of very useful, and then there are some very novel chemical or physical properties of a series of nano-materials produced, like carbon 60, found after the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, carbon 60 after the early 90s , And saw another class of nanomaterials, like carbon nanotubes, and then in the early 1990s, there is a very large and very useful nano-material, that is, semiconductor nanotechnology wire out. 00 years or so, out of another very interesting nano Material, is graphite selenium, graphite selenium in previous years won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Of course now see a variety of very good, like They usually say that the two-dimensional material, very hot area of research over the past three decades nanomaterials have an endless stream of new material appeared, had a very good chemical and physical properties, derived from the technology useful.
Nano-materials research what node and development direction, before the start, first introduced two guests, Professor Jiang Lei and Professor Zhou Yu, first let them use two or three minutes, talk about them in the nano-material above the scientific research.
Jiang Lei: I am the Institute of Physics and Chemistry Institute of Jiang Lei, my research direction is mainly to study the biomimetic intelligent precision materials, this area is very wide, energy, resources, environment to new materials have, I will have a report tomorrow, in detail This aspect of the content, today time relationship, do not do a detailed discussion.
Zhou Yu: Hello everyone, I am a professor at Princeton Institute of Technology, my main area is nano-made, nano-materials and nano-devices, as well as other applications in various fields, I have a report tomorrow, on nano- The relationship between nanomaterials.
Yang Peidong: the next come back to discuss, then in the future, this is the future awards, in the next few decades, nanotechnology should have what kind of opportunities, what kind of challenges?
Cui Yi: Yang Peidong just reviewed the past 20 years, 30 years, nano-materials and nano-science on some important material system, I think the next two directions may continue to move forward, basically the past 20 years, every five Around the next year, it will jump out of new materials, think can not think of, suddenly there is a new series of materials, we crazy study. Down the development, there may be other new system materials, as in the past 20 years, said The quantum dots, graphite selenium, carbon nanotubes, semiconducting nanowires, nanopore materials, etc., will be further developed over the past 20 years, the new nanometer system of materials, with the final solution to the problem of connection, scientific issues connected , The performance of the connection, feedback to the nano-materials, the opportunity may be particularly large, because the past 20 years accumulated a lot of skills, how to synthesize the material I want, different shapes, different porosity, and so a series of skills , With the final problems, technology, this will produce science.
Jiang Lei: I think the future of nano-technology in the energy, environment, health, information fields have a very important application, then I give a few examples here, such as fresh water collection, a national final national production capacity, About the world map. Freshwater collection in China's Midwest, including other African areas. From the environmental point of view, simply two things, one is haze things, more important than the haze is the environmental hormones, washing clothes, Washing machines and chemical pollution for the environment, 50-100 years, human beings can not survive the problem, can give birth to children, environmental hormones solve the problem, the use of pesticides, the impact of health, these are chemical pollution, fog Haze is mostly physical pollution, can see, touched the two.
In the field of information technology, nano-technology will enter the direction of what? Into the flexible problem, how to use organic light processing materials, micro-nano processing, organic optoelectronics, microelectronics and traditional silicon-based electronic combination, which is a breakthrough in the field of information. In the lithium battery and hydroelectric power, wind power, the other meteoric rise is the ability to power generation, the purpose is to bionic, electric eel (transliteration), is a millisecond release of 600 voltage, by ion energy difference, desalination process has a huge Energy, the world's sea water produced 20TW, human 10TW almost, this is a huge challenge.
Zhou Yu teacher to do the device, the information field has a higher view, no longer say.
There are three important aspects that certainly have a very important role in future energy and other areas. Innovative concepts, breaking the traditional concept, we must be able to be able to There is a revolutionary idea, which is a great impetus in the future, there is an important driving force, that is, a small idea in the laboratory to do it, but no ability to make a product, mass production, the concept no matter how Many of today's concepts, many years ago in the laboratory has been found, why today, people pay attention to it? The reason is that now the manufacturing technology can make this new technology to enable us to apply The
Dr. Cui Yi said, you have to think, not every separate technology, is a new application target, in order to how to put a variety of technology, any can be used to achieve your application, which is very important direction. Think of innovation, manufacturing and then the application, which is three very important driving force, there are other areas for future energy is very important.
Yang Peidong: Then Zhou Yu talk about nanotechnology from nanotechnology as if the future of innovative science and technology, from the application of many times now most of the alternative, and now have the chemical industry, the semiconductor industry Ye Hao, now a lot of nano-materials, in the alternative Some of the system in some of the things from the perspective of innovation, nanotechnology has not been able to think of the future, the future is not possible to create what is not yet, is nanotechnology can really because of nanotechnology, the formation of future technology, is it possible Will the future (English) real nanomaterials be able to do?
Jiang Lei: This is the future of organizational engineering issues, how nanotechnology and genetic engineering combined, and then produce tissue engineering, each project is the Nobel Prize, the simplest one is the combination of nanotechnology and genetic engineering, such as teeth, Toothbrush down on the finished, but also inlaid dentures or dentures, nanotechnology and genetic engineering combined, the teeth of the stem cells out, and then put the teeth to the position, like you three years of time for the teeth, grow a tooth This is something that can be done because God has arranged for this thing, but we have found the genes that start the regeneration of the teeth, and the teeth grow out and the stem cells can reach it. This is the Nobel Prize.
Why the teeth are nano-materials, the basic material of the teeth is composed of calcium carbonate nanorods, according to the gene programmed assembly of teeth, the entire control by genetic control.Therefore, nanotechnology and gene technology, not only teeth, there are many, Such as bones, bones broken, folded, and then a long up, this is the future of the health industry, huge incomparable.
Yang Peidong: correct it, should finish the future award.
Zhou Yu: a lot of technology is a great significance for the future of the material, like these quantum dots, there is another nano-manufacturing approach, nanostructures are very orderly, photonic crystals, or a lot of man-made nano-materials, in fact To use very nano-structure is very accurate control, not only to control its size, but also to control its location in what place, and now the traditional is used as an integrated line approach, this can only be done on a very small surface, how to do The wall is so big, and it is very cheap. This is a very important question.
Because I have done a lot of work in this, nano-imprint is 20 years ago, invented the technology, has now been widely used in the production of a variety of products, including genetic testing, including materials, including Google glass, many mobile phones are Is to use nano-imprint things to do, many people say how not to see in the newspaper? Very important reason, industry rarely told the outside world, their success, if he is doing well, do not tell you , So you never hear, unsuccessful things, want to publish it because I am doing it in academia, and I do in the industry, I have opened four companies, do good things never talk about . Now a lot of news, should not be too concerned about, in the end what things useful useless, should not be based on news, should be based on what things really applied to the product.
Another important point is the cost of the most important thing, if the invention of a manufacturing approach, the cost reduced to ten times in the past Intel CEO is famous for the words, if the price can be reduced ten times, this should have a new revolution. Depends on when the revolution, to see this technology is not able to reduce the cost of the past ten times if you can, it must be a revolutionary technology.
Cui Yi: nanotechnology in the end to create a new full industry? Is not an alternative, is to create out. There are two related to the next, may be groundbreaking, can not completely out of existing applications, such as now wear Clothes, is the basic function of warm, beautiful, so can not wear the top, and now there is a little sign, but not yet fully unfolded, that is, you wear the clothes above, I have diseplay function, you can put the film above, you can wear cautious A little, can measure the body's skin, every piece of muscle, and now sitting if it is not very good to remind me, there are a lot of sensors above, the health of the measured out, a lot of features can be added to the wear, which is nano It is a new application. Now is the so-called IOT, is the Internet of Things, need a lot of places around, including the monitoring of the environment, a variety of monitoring, and so on, as well as food, IOT on-line can create a large area, These two are possible.
Zhou Yu: on the clothes, clothes can be combined with (English) together, put on, although a person, you can hug with the child, science and technology with another person contact, are by clothes to produce this feeling.
Yang Peidong: Over the past few decades, nano-technology all kinds of new materials, if the future of nano-technology really form a new industry, bound to contact the future manufacturing, is certainly very large, may have a challenge, how to do this thing What kind of new environmental problems will it cause in the production of nanomaterials?
Zhou Yu: Many manufacturing techniques do need to reduce the impact on the environment, I think nano imprint is to change the shape of the material, so there is little pollution, of course, there are many chemical things, if you can reduce the pollution of manufacturing, is also very important of.
Cui Yi: nano-manufacturing is very important, now facing a major challenge in the manufacture of many of the above problems, such as silicon negative, for ten years, the scientific problem is almost solved, the application found that the manufacturing costs to fall, now use The process to do the material and found that the solvent is not, not environmentally friendly, and too expensive, the whole process to be changed, has been changed to that level, simplified to that level, and finally calculate the cost is low enough to produce pollution know how Recycling, gas or liquid pollution, no words, have to change, have to change things back and forth In fact, the company needs to toss for a long time, a lot of recycling, and finally to find a mature process. It and the original laboratory to do the process completely Not the same, to this extent, such considerations, especially for China is a manufacturing country, which in the past the environment cost is too high, the past is ignored, and now the environmental cost all added back, so the entire manufacturing industry, not only Nano-manufacturing, all the manufacturing industry, have to re-consider the process design, nano-manufacturing is no exception.
Jiang Lei: In fact, nano-manufacturing pressure for the environment is not large, because in most cases the use of nanomaterials is not a single case to use, only a few cases, the body imaging and drug carrier, rarely single use, often composite system, multi-scale System, this situation is almost no environmental problems, like the building, with concrete to do the same, you can feel the presence of sand? Most cases are complex, nano itself as an industry, already exists, is the catalyst industry, In fact, is the nano-particles loaded in the micron or higher scale on the scale of the important industry, huge, and did not cause any environmental pollution, this worry is not that completely unnecessary, but do not need special attention, but we have to maintain a certain vigilance, Do such a security study.
Yang Peidong: Then talk about a relatively different discussion, and now artificial intelligence is very hot, you can discuss the next artificial intelligence in the material industry is how a role?
Jiang Lei: artificial intelligence of the future manifestations of no doubt, in the final analysis can not be separated from the material, can not be separated from the intelligent devices, can wear electronic technology is the option, which inside the organic photoelectric composite material structure device large- Intelligence can not go into the tens of thousands of households is a very important key issues, software identification and image recognition, and so on, of course, this is a very important thing, and and nano-science and technology related.
Cui Yi: Artificial intelligence has now developed a lot of methods, the analysis of the data, there is now a starting direction, is the way to artificial intelligence, the discovery of new materials, our laboratory and Stanford another professor of cooperation, in Lithium battery above a research direction, solid electrolyte, to find lithium-ion conductor, conduction quickly, find this material how to find, we half a century are based on experience to find, now want to know the database analysis, with artificial Intelligence can not predict what material, what kind of nature, ion guide soon, ion superconductor, with the electronic superconductor is the two concepts, it is likely that artificial intelligence on the rapid discovery of new materials, as well as the design, will be Of course, now early, do not see how the effect, can see some signs, there may be some of the above impact.
Zhou Yu: In fact, there is a long history of artificial intelligence optimization, why suddenly become so important, in fact, there are two things, very essential changes, one is large data, a lot of data can be concentrated, the past is very difficult to get the data , And then the computer capacity, cell phone computer capacity than a decade ago, the computer should be strong, in this case, the optimization method is more extensive, the past can not optimize things, there are cases of computer and large data is also possible, the optimization is artificial Smart used in many areas to go.
Yang Peidong: artificial intelligence and materials complement each other, the reason why there is artificial intelligence, is indeed inseparable from the past few decades of material development, the calculation depends on the speed of the semiconductor industry over the past few decades of development. Artificial intelligence feedback back to the material sector, the future is a There are many opportunities for new areas.
The next time, we have no problem at the scene.
Question: I am doing nano-device processing, and do nano-industrial device research, asked Professor Zhou, invented and invented the nano-imprint technology, in the industry to promote a lot of contributions, nano-imprint technology in the industry promotion process , Now may encounter technical bottlenecks and corresponding countermeasures?
Zhou Yu: I have a speech tomorrow, first give you a little talk about, and now nano imprint is used in all areas, from doing semiconductor devices, do the display, do biological, etc., each field with different requirements , You have to adjust the technology according to your application needs, so this is a lot of things, good things are everyone in use, and has been used on the product above, said a lot of technical things have been resolved.
The nanometer size of the nano-scale device is relatively less, nano-scale impurity technology on the micron-scale device is not so much impact on the uniformity of nano-scale uniform how to ensure uniformity?
Zhou Yu: tomorrow to talk about this matter, nano-imprint is the key to do the mold, how to do evenly, there are flaws, then how to repair my tomorrow, this problem, there is a way, called self-repair. , Can become perfect, nature a lot of principles, with the clever words, you can do this very magical thing, I will talk about this content tomorrow.
Yang Peidong: Shun talk about nano-printing with now should be said that the popular 3D printing, the future is complementary?
Zhou Yu: Because I also do a lot of people who do 3D printing is very familiar, it is completely different purpose, and the principle is not the same, and now all the 3D printing is a light method, and then produce chemical changes, the formation of three The shape of a light, it has been the smallest size of its limited, about a micron or so, can not laugh, tomorrow I want to say, nano imprint can do 0.1, a few atoms of the structure, can Use nano-imprint method to do, the application is not the same, such as a lot of 3D print applications, do sports shoes, have special materials, and breathable, and light, and to fit your foot shape, can not rely on the past to cut a piece Two flat cloth, by how to fold, one made on the three-dimensional, well, according to the shape of the foot to do this is just to wear on your feet is appropriate. These cycles with 3D printing, as well as car shell Big things, the purpose is not the same, but each have their own applications.
Yang Peidong: 3D printing can be made in the nano-manufacturing breakthrough?
Zhou Yu: the future to combine several very different technology, together, you can first use 3D print, make a shelf, that is, micron-level shelves, and then use self-assembly approach, or use other technical methods, How to the micron-level three-dimensional things into nano-level three things. So to do it.
Question: the application of frozen electron microscopy technology in the future of materials research prospects?
Cui Yi: Yesterday we published a paper in the scientific journal, using frozen electron microscopy technology research lithium battery materials, frozen electron microscopy technology awarded the Nobel Prize Chemical Award, frozen electron microscopy study of protein body structure, last year with frozen electron microscopy We have studied the material, materials, materials, there are many important materials, Low, electron beam hit up, unstable. A variety of catalytic materials, I believe that frozen electron microscopy technology can be stable live, with electron microscopy, you can see the atomic structure of the arrangement, which gives a very important information, technology applications where the problem , Or how to do well, know the structure to know the nature of yesterday published this article may be groundbreaking, we learn with biologists, take their development of technology to take over the future of materials science.Future a lot of work for frozen electron microscopy, For materials science.
Question: a series of areas of solar energy, many areas now use solar energy, from a physical point of view, the original solar energy is injected into the Earth a major source of injury, if the sun fell into the ground into heat, directly into a wound waste, and if the solar energy Of the various use, is it possible to say that we delay the change of injury, or increase the process of injury. Anyway, or can not change the injury increase, in fact, eventually reached or the sun turned into a wound, there is no such The use of a chemical reaction to store energy, which makes the sun fell to the ground, into the injury to increase the process of slowing down. Is there such a possible use of our impact on the ground of biological photosynthesis, if not good The role of the negative there is a role.
On the biological aspects, we now pesticides, there are some pests and diseases, from the genetic engineering point of view it is possible to put the virus or harmful, with genetic engineering point of view, directly into useful cells, so that all of these harmful bacteria, or virus , It is not allowed to produce, such as cancer cells, from the genetic engineering point of view it is not allowed to grow, reverse growth, growth of useful cells for humans. Is it possible? Can be combined with nanostructure genetic engineering to grow a new tooth, according to this The idea that human beings are likely to eventually develop into all the organs of the body are re-growing, thinking about when to grow when the growth, people immediately re-start into a new person, all my organs want to innovate on innovation, is not The future there is such a possible?
Yang Peidong: on the injury to increase this thing, will certainly happen, do the chemical reaction process which will happen, but we do solar energy into chemical energy Ye Hao, into electricity Ye Hao, in fact you from the past, from the formation of the earth In the process, we can see that we are now the crude oil is also good, but also in the past few million years, solar energy into chemical energy, which is a very slow process, the final storage to the ground. We are now using crude oil is actually millions of years ago, solar energy, we now want to do the whole process to speed up, because we from the entire Earth system, we need to slow down the carbon dioxide emissions, from the chemical point of view Look at this thing, to speed up photosynthesis, in order to slow down the injury.
Jiang Lei: The first question, your idea is anti-natural, for human beings you say is pests, but it exists is reasonable, it eat your food every day, God made it is to eat, so to Destroy it is fascist, so it can not destroy it.
The second question, that is, I mention the problem is to adapt to nature, teeth can be regenerated, people just regenerate once, some chameleon can be regenerated many times, grab the tail, out, and then grow out. Regenerative gene growth, this problem Is in existence, and conform to nature, can be. What to change for what the times certainly can come.
Yang Peidong: Thank you for the three guests, thank you for your participation!