According to the International Energy Agency data, in 2016 China's new PV installed 34GW, this figure is more than twice the United States, accounting for nearly half of the world's new installed capacity to solar energy as the representative of the clean energy if the alternative to coal The main power generation structure, will greatly improve China's environmental situation, in the field of clean energy investment is one of the key initiatives of Chinese governments at all levels.
Laying photovoltaic panels will improve air quality, which we have always understood the causal relationship.However, in turn? Yet to improve the air quality will not in turn affect the photovoltaic power generation?
Duke University's latest research confirms our questions, based on NASAGISS global climate model data, the study found that airborne particles in the large-scale damage to photovoltaic power generation efficiency, the range can even reach more than 17%.
China has three percent of photovoltaic power generation capacity was haze delay
The short-wave solar radiation is absorbed and scattered by dust and particulate matter, and this phenomenon, known as the sun's radarding, causes the received radiation intensity of the PV module to be reduced, resulting in power loss. , To China's current photovoltaic power generation capacity estimates, haze caused by the power loss of up to 11GW, this figure is China's new PV installed capacity of nearly one-third.
It is noteworthy that the effects of anthropogenic particles on photovoltaic power generation surpassed the dust of nature, and the researchers carried out sampling and component analysis of the sediments on the surface of the PV module and found that only 8% of them were non-dusty particles, The 8%, though it does not sound enough, but because of its organic carbon, carbon black and other ingredients, the ability of carbon atoms to absorb sunlight is stronger; and because the particles are smaller, the sun is more likely to be scattered. Activities for the loss of power generation efficiency even more than 92% of the dust.
One of the world's largest producers of photovoltaic modules, Yingli Group, felt a lot of this, Ni Jinxiong, deputy general manager of the technology center, said Yingli through the comparison and monitoring of automatic cleaning of the PV module and conventional installation components outdoor power generation found: in Hebei Xingtai Baoding and other 'famous' haze city, haze period of power generation can be reduced by more than 80%, in the most serious when the haze, almost no power generation.
Drew Shindell, a member of the research team and professor of civil and environmental engineering at Duke University, said that these particulate matter produced by human activities made China face more severe PV losses than other countries. According to the study, the central and eastern regions of China If the scrub interval is 2 months, the power generation efficiency of the PV module will be reduced by 25% to 35% when the PV module is scrubbed in the PV module, the particulate matter will reduce the power generation efficiency of the PV module by 17% ~ 25%.
Scrub is very effective, light resource-rich places more water
China's large ground power station for scrubbing and there is no uniform standard, usually by monitoring the amount of electricity to decide when to scrub. Shandong Qingdao Sanas New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. General Manager Geng Wenjiang told the Chinese and foreign dialogue, from the perspective of component maintenance, now in northern China Of the large ground power station, basically to ensure that the standard four times a year scrub, in the case of serious pollution, according to the scene to increase the appropriate scrub frequency.
According to the study, the scrubbed PV module will increase the daily power generation by 50%, the effect is significant.
Ni Jianxiong said that there is no doubt that the maintenance of photovoltaic panels is very important to enhance the efficiency of power generation at the same time, but also effective maintenance of PV modules, because the long-term aggregation of particles may cause a large number of components heat, resulting in hot spot phenomenon, threatening component life.
However, for the enterprise, the more realistic problem is to scrub the water needed in the light of China's rich resources in the northwest region, the water is often much more expensive than electricity, water consumption is obviously not worth to increase.Geng Wenjiang said, Because the scrubbing requires a lot of water resources investment, is a small cost, so companies need to scrub input and power generation actual income for a comprehensive comparison, in order to determine the scrub frequency.More professional PV operation and maintenance enterprises, but also the use of large photovoltaic Data analysis and mining results, the best cost-effective cleaning.
Difficult to control the systemic risk
Distributed power station is actually the main victims of haze.With large-scale ground power station regular scrubbing maintenance is different from the small roof project after the completion of the general only rely on rain and other natural weather scrub, lack of post-operation and maintenance, which further exacerbated the haze pollution Impact.
Aikang public relations director Zhang Weihong told Chinese and foreign dialogue, 'very few residents will think of climbing their own roof to wipe the photovoltaic panels'.
Air quality is poor, the loss of clean energy power generation; clean energy development is not good, but also not conducive to environmental improvement.Zhang Weixiang frankly, for the PV field investors, frequent haze weather increased an uncontrollable system Sexual risk.
However, according to Zhang Weighong, in China, the effectiveness of policy support than business thinking: forced to improve the quality of air pressure, the more the more haze areas, the local government more power to promote ground power plants and roof photovoltaic projects to reduce pollution. In the case of Baoding, Hebei Province, where the haze is often used, government departments have proposed to build 'PV Capital' as one of the important contents of the construction of low-carbon cities, and intend to plan the western Taihang Mountains into 'Taihang Guangguo'. The idea can be achieved, for the solution of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will have a certain effect of haze.
Singapore Energy experts CleantechSolar operations director AndreNobre said in an interview with the "Indian Times" that air pollution has become an important consideration for business decisions made by Indian solar manufacturers, and developers will carefully consider signing energy procurement agreements in areas with severe air pollution.
Synergetic effect of haze management
Frequent scrubbing, from the source of air pollution in the eradication of particulate matter, seems to be more appropriate choice.
Ni Jianxiong said that the haze to reduce the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is a short-term pain, and under great efforts to coordinate governance in many ways to improve the quality of the city's air is not fantasy. Shindell also from the opposite direction of the study for the Chinese and foreign dialogue, Policy is more inclined to clean energy, clean energy development is better, at least in the field of solar energy '.
Unlike India and the Arabian Peninsula, China's main source of photovoltaic power efficiency is human activity, so the government has greater potential to reduce emissions and reduce pollution. The government has a variety of options to choose from, including fuel selection, emission pricing, Renewable energy preferential policies. The benefits are also obvious, the increase in photovoltaic power generation, taking into account the health risks of respirable particulate matter, will undoubtedly significantly improve people's health.
In addition, it is also another point of view, while the development of photovoltaic power generation side of the continuation of the construction of coal-fired power plant trade-off approach may not be a good idea, because the latter will greatly affect the operation of the former.
