Plastic is a great invention of the 20th century, its application areas continue to widen, the variety is also increasing, greatly facilitate the people's lives, has become a material related to human life.If there is no plastic, our life will become What kind of, can not imagine.
1, The two sides of the plastic
In 2016, China's plastic products production has more than 7700 million tons, the output value of nearly 2 trillion, and each year is still increasing. Such a large market also carries countless heroes dream, for the tireless efforts of the legendary Li Ka-shing Of the Yangtze River Industrial once started from the plastic products.
However, the perfect thing is not possible, and God is not allowed. Similarly, the plastic has also been one of the worst inventions of the 20th century because of its serious pollution is gradually being found and more and more Attention, even worse, the difficulty of dealing with this pollution beyond imagination.
Once, the generation of outstanding chemists to achieve the current plastic has excellent physical and chemical properties and durability to pay a hard work, so that its plastic with its light, durable, beautiful, inexpensive features widely used in a variety of areas. It is expected that these excellent properties create a large number of durable and non-rotten plastic waste, and the large amount of plastic products that have been discarded has become a major harm to the environment.
2, Disposal of waste plastics
In the city of plastic solid waste disposal, the current use of landfill, incineration and recycling of three methods due to different national conditions, different countries, the United States to landfill mainly in Europe, Japan to burn the main.
1. Landfill treatment, because the plastic system quality is generally light, and not perishable, will lead to landfill into a soft foundation, the future is difficult to use.
2. Incineration, because the plastic heat, easy to damage the furnace, coupled with the gas generated after incineration will promote the warming of the Earth, some plastic incineration will also release harmful gases and pollute the atmosphere.
3. Recycling method, due to labor-intensive, high recovery costs, and the lack of appropriate recycling channels, the world's recycling and recycling of only about 15% of all plastic consumption.
However, the world's oil resources are limited, from the perspective of conservation of the Earth's resources, plastic recycling is of great significance.To this end, the world has invested a lot of manpower and material resources, the development of various waste plastics recycling technology, To reduce the cost of plastic recycling and reuse the appropriate application areas.
3, Waste plastic recycling methods
The current waste plastic recycling methods are as follows:
Heat recovery method
Most of the main components of the plastic are hydrocarbons that can be burned, such as polystyrene burning heat is higher than the dye oil, but heat recovery is one of the last methods of waste plastic recycling, because most of the waste plastic burns Toxic gases, the environment is also a threat, which contains halogen plastic combustion, will become the culprit of dioxin.
2. Physical recovery and regeneration
Physical recovery and regeneration is now a positive way to promote and promote, is turning waste into energy, energy efficient and effective means.However, the main trapped in the recovery sorting links, recycling income is small, sorting difficult, high cost. Awareness of environmental protection is not very high, can not be effectively classified garbage.
3. Chemical reduction method
This method is to cut off the long chain of the polymer and restore its original properties. The cleaved raw material can be used to make new plastics, and some methods involve chemically cracking the combined carbon atoms by adding chemical elements or adding energy To promote its thermal cracking. Part of the material has been achieved by this method of recovery, but most of the material is still in the experiment.
4. Hydrogenation method
The use of this method to deal with mixed plastic items, according to different plastic ingredients, which can be 60% -80% of the ingredients into synthetic crude oil. BASF and other countries, three chemical companies in a common research report that the hydrogenation of heat The best way to dissolve the analytical method is that the synthetic crude oil is of good quality and can be used for refining. This treatment treats halogen-containing waste plastics and does not produce toxic dioxin and chlorine.
With the continuous improvement of this technology development, may be the future treatment of waste plastics one of the main methods.
4, The development of environmentally friendly plastics
In the active development of plastic recycling technology at the same time, the use of plastic manufacturing should also be conducive to the processing or recycling direction.
Reduce design
Research and development of appropriate recycling materials, will focus on the focus is not to make individual parts should be used in what kind of plastic is the most ideal, but to consider the widely used material, which is the revolutionary change in the idea.
In order to facilitate recycling, designers began to design products to avoid the use of a variety of plastics, the United States BMW plans to reduce its new car design in the 40% of the plastic species, the purpose is to facilitate the recycling of waste plastics.
The world's electrical and electronic market has paid attention to the recycling of waste plastics. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) has begun to standardize the plastic parts of computers and commercial machines, and in the development of recyclable plastic electronic components and simplified demolition equipment Product structure, but also consider the elimination of the surface coloring of components, the control of plastic additives to reduce the amount of external use of the use of recycled components and the use of spare parts.
Biodegradation
Research and development of biodegradation into today's world of plastic processing industry research hotspot.The researchers hope to develop a microbial environment in the degradation of plastic to deal with a large number of disposable plastic, especially plastic film and multi-packaging waste on farmland, Mountains, marine pollution.
The goal of the study is to develop a kind of plastic that can be used in the process to ensure the performance of its name, and once it has been exhausted, it can be decomposed by the microorganisms in the environment to fully enter the ecological cycle of plastic. If it is such a biodegradable plastic, it can be composted with ordinary biological waste after use without having to spend a great deal of cost to collect, classify and regenerate, and the decomposition product enters the ecology Cycle, do not produce waste of resources.
In the research and development of biodegradable plastics, the world has invested a lot of money and manpower, spent a lot of energy to study the plastics processing industry generally believe that biodegradable plastics is the 21st century new technology issues.
5, The rise of waste plastics recycling industry
With the closure of the nineteenth, ecological civilization construction and ecological and environmental protection as an important work to be focused on the deployment of green economy in the next few years will be an unprecedented opportunity for development.With the continuous growth of waste plastics, waste plastics recycling cycle The use of the industry will become an important chapter in the green economy.National government has been in the beginning of the layout, such as garbage sorting, recycling site layout and other recycling system has been the introduction of the formalization of policies and implementation.
In this revolutionary transition of global waste plastics, we waste plastic people need to seize the opportunity to deploy the future.I believe that a lot of waste plastic human hero dream in this turn to be a dream. Waste plastics recycling industry will rise The