According to NPL, the world's first ISO graphene standard has been published, led by the British National Physics Laboratory (NPL), which defines terms for describing many different forms of graphene and related 2D materials. Graphene testing and validation, which will provide consistent standards for the graphene industry and accelerate the commercial development of two-dimensional materials represented by graphene.
The world's first ISO (International Organization for Standardization) graphene standard has been published For the emerging global graphene industry to provide consistent standards and to accelerate the graphene as the representative of the two-dimensional material business development.
The new international standard, developed by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), defines the terminology used to describe many different forms of graphene and related 2D materials, providing the basis and criteria for the testing and validation of graphene. Graphene-related manufacturers, suppliers, non-governmental organizations, industry alliances and academia to provide a clear basis for help Unlock the new application of graphene, reduce manufacturing costs , And to promote development For the next generation of computer chips, clothing smart sensors Of the industrial scale of graphene material.
Due to the excellent nature of graphene and broad market prospects, academia and industry enthusiasm for graphene has been increasing, the world has hundreds of companies involved in the preparation or application of graphene, graphene is forming a huge industry However, although terms such as 'epitaxial graphene', 'graphene oxide' and 'less graphene' are commonly used throughout the industry, there is no general agreement on these terms before the new standard is published Even in some cases, hundreds of layers of graphene are mistakenly labeled as 'less grained graphene', which can lead to companies that are developing new products that do not fully understand the performance of commercially available graphene materials and choose The most suitable for its application materials. The lack of standards is a key barrier to the commercialization of graphene products, affecting people's trust in graphene suppliers.
As a result of the clear demand for the graphene industry, NPL, as part of the British Standards Institute (BSI) UK Nanotechnology Standardization Committee (NTI / 1), initiated the development of the graphene ISO standard in 2013. Following a rigorous development process, 37 technical experts from different countries, the standard can now be obtained online, which contains on the 2D terminology, material production, material properties and material attribute types of 99 terms and definitions , All of which can be obtained free of charge in the ISO online browsing platform.
Dr. Poll Pollard of NPL and Dr. Charles Clifford co-led the development of the standard. He commented that 'graphene producers and end users have been worried for many years, inconsistent definitions, which mean that the commercialization of these materials is slow and difficult To determine the difference between graphene and graphite products.This standard to solve this obstacle is the emerging industry of graphene to the standardization of the first step.
standard name:
ISO / TS 80004-13: 2017 (en):
Graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials
Graphene and related two-dimensional materials
Some of the terms related to graphene in the standard:
Graphene:
Graphene layer:
Monolithic graphene:
Definition: A single layer of carbon atoms with each atom bound to three neighbors in a honeycomb structure. The single layer of carbon atoms with each atom bound to three neighbors in a honeycomb structure.
Note 1: This is an important part of many carbon nanomaterials.
Note 2: Since graphene is a monolayer, it is sometimes referred to as monolayer graphene, simply 1LG, to distinguish it from bilayer graphene (2LG) and layered graphene (FLG).
Note 3: Graphenes have edges and may have defects and grain boundaries where the bond is destroyed.
Double graphene:
2LG
Two two-dimensional materials consisting of two clearly defined graphene layers.
Note 1: If the stacking method is known, it can be specified separately, such as 'Bernal stacked bilayer graphene'.
Twisted double graphene:
Eddy current double graphene:
tBLG
t2LG
Two-dimensional material consisting of two clearly defined graphene layers, which have relative stacking angles, or relative rotation, non-Bernal (hexagonal) or rhombic stacking.
Three layers of graphene:
3LG
A two-dimensional material consisting of three clearly defined layers of graphene.
Note 1: If the stacking method is known, it can be specified separately, such as 'distorted three layers of graphene'.
Less graphene:
FLG
From three to ten clearly defined layers of graphene composed of two-dimensional material
Graphene nanosheet (plate):
GNP
Nano-plate composed of graphene layer
Note 1: GNP typically has a thickness of 1 nm to 3 nm and a lateral dimension of about 100 nm to 100 μm.
Graphene:
GO
Chemical modified graphene prepared by graphite oxidation and stripping.
Note 1: Crushed graphene is a monolayer material with a high oxygen content, typically of a C / O atomic ratio of about 2.0, depending on the synthesis process.
Reduced graphene:
RGO
Reduction of treated graphene, reducing the oxygen content
Note 1: The oxygen content of the grained graphene can be reduced by chemical, thermal, microwave, photochemical, photothermal or microbial / bacterial methods.
Note 2: If the graphene is fully reduced, it becomes a graphene product.However, in practice some oxygen-containing functional groups will remain, and not all sp3 bonds will return to the sp2 configuration. Different reducing agents will result in Different carbon and oxygen ratios and different chemical compositions in the reduced graphene oxide.
Note 3: There may be different forms, such as flaky and worm-like structures.
About ISO standards:
The ISO standard refers to the standard established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a world-wide federation of 140 national constituencies consisting of national standards bodies, , Each country can only have one of the most representative of the standardization group as its members, the former State Quality and Technical Supervision to CSBTS name countries to participate in ISO activities.